马铃薯块茎性状的遗传研究

研究了米拉等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的块茎产量等8个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明：单个块茎重遗传的父本遗传力达56．7％，淀粉含量遗传的母本遗传力和亲本间非加性效应分别达40．5％、44．9％，皮色、块茎产量和结薯数遗传的非加性效应分别达69．1％、82．8％、88．8％；肉色、块茎外观和薯形遗传的加性效应和非加性效应在42．2％～57．8％之间，相差不大。2个亲本(至少有1个)的一般配合力高的杂交组合后代的群体表现优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合；而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据一般配合力选择亲本配制大量杂交组合，并从中筛选优良单株和优良杂交实生籽组合的方法是马铃薯遗传育种的有效手段。

The Heredity Research on Tuber's Characters of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

A study was conducted on 22 crosses from 10 varieties including Mira variety to evaluate 8 tubers' characters of potato crops in the first clonal year . It was the first reporting of combining ability research and progeny's inheritance for tuber's flesh color. The results indicated that male heritability of single tuber weight was 56. 7%, female and non-additive gene actions of starch content were 40. 5%, 44. 9%. Non-additive gene actions of parents for tuber skin-color, tuber yield and the numbers of tuber were 69.1%,82. 8% and 88. 8%,respectively, which were more important than additive gene actions in the progeny's inheritance. And both additive and non-additive gene actions were found to have the same importance with a preponderance of the later in the inheritance of flesh color, tuber shape and appearance. Progeny means of crosses involving both or at least one parent with good general combining ability were, in general, higher than other cross combinations for various characters including tuber yield. Selection of parents based on their general combining ability and crossing them in all possible combinations to select the best single plant or true-seed potato crosses by progeny test would be a suitable breeding strategy for potato crops.