分子标记结合表型鉴定选育兼抗赤霉病、白粉病和条锈病弱筋小麦新品种扬麦38

长江中下游麦区是中国弱筋小麦优势产业带，小麦赤霉病、白粉病和条锈病是该麦区主要病害，当前弱筋小麦主导品种综合抗性较弱，影响其生产安全。为培育多抗优质弱筋小麦品种，以高产中筋小麦品种扬麦16为轮回亲本，以兼抗白粉病、条锈病的软质小麦92R137为供体亲本，构建了BC₁群体，利用分子标记在BC₁F₂代基础农艺性状较优良的株行中筛选抗白粉病基因 Pm21、抗条锈病基因 Yr26和软质麦相关基因 Pinb-D1a均纯合的单株，并鉴定BC₁F₆代对赤霉病、白粉病和条锈病的抗性，同时检测籽粒硬度、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间等重要品质指标以及小区产量，最终育成高抗赤霉病、免疫白粉病和高抗条锈病的弱筋小麦新品种扬麦38，于2022年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。

Breeding of Weak-Gluten Wheat Cultivar Yangmai 38 Resistant to Fusarium Head Blight,Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust Using a Combined Method of Marker-Assisted Selection and Phenotyping

The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is the dominant industrial belt of weak-gluten wheat in China. Fusarium head blight (FHB),powdery mildew and stripe rust are three major wheat diseases in this area. The comprehensive resistance of major weak-gluten wheat cultivars utilized currently is weak,which affects the production security. For breeding of weak-gluten wheat cultivars with multiple resistances,a BC₁ population was constructed by a cross between Yangmai 16(a high yielding and hard wheat cultivar,used as the recurrent parent)and 92R137(a soft wheat cultivar conferring powdery mildew and stripe rust resistances),used as the donor parent. In the BC₁F₂ generation,molecular markers were used to select plants with homozygous powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21,stripe rust resistance gene Yr26,and softness gene Pinb-D1a among the progenies with relatively better agronomic traits. In the BC₁F₆ generation,FHB,powdery mildew and stripe rust resistances were evaluated,and grain hardness,wet gluten content,dough development and stability time were tested together with yield. Eventually,Yangmai 38,a new weak-gluten cultivar with high resistance to FHB,immunity to powdery mildew and high resistance to stripe rust,was bred and approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022.