3个樱桃品种光合特性比较研究

 以3个原产地不同的甜樱桃栽培品种佐藤锦、斯坦勒和那翁为试材, 利用CIRAS-2便携式光合测定仪, 对其光合特性进行了比较研究。结果表明: 樱桃净光合速率( Pn) 日变化为典型的双峰曲线,气孔限制是光合“午休”的主要调节因素。樱桃光合作用对光照强度( PAR) 、CO₂ 浓度和温度等单一生态因子水平变化的响应均可以用二次方程来描述。樱桃光补偿点(LCP) 为10～82μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} , 光饱和点(LSP) 为970～1 040μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} , 斯坦勒较低, 佐藤锦较高。樱桃CO₂ 补偿点(CCP) 为90～116μmol·mol^{- 1} , CO₂ 饱和点(CSP) 为1 030～1 233μmol·mol^{- 1} , 佐藤锦CCP较低而CSP较高, 且羧化效率和CO₂ 饱和点时光合能力( Pm) 均显著高于其它两个品种。樱桃光合作用对温度的适应范围较窄,在11～36℃之间, 最适温度在23～25℃之间, 适温下佐藤锦Pn显著高于斯坦勒和那翁。

Comparative Studies on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Photosynthetic characteristics of three sweet cherry cultivars Sato Nishiki, Stella and Napoleon Bigarreau were studied comparativelywith the CIRAS-2 photosynthetic instrument. The results showed that diurnal change in net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) of mature cherry leaves was a typical bimodal curve determinately regulated by stomatal conductance. The responsive curves of photosynthesis in mature cherry leaves to the change of photosynthetic active radiation, CO₂ concentration and air temperature can be described withquadratic equations. The light compensation point (LCP) of different cherry cultivars was 10 - 82 μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} , light saturation point (LSP) was 970 - 1 040 μmol·m^{- 2} · s^{- 1}. Stella had the lowest LCP among the three cultivars, while Sato Nishiki had the highest LSP. The CO₂ compensation point (CCP) was90 - 116μmol·mol^{- 1} , and the CO₂ saturation point (CSP) was 1 030 - 1233 μmol·mol^{- 1}. The CCP of Sato Nishiki was lower but with higher CSP, and its carboxylation efficiency (CE) and maximal Pn ( Pm) preponderated over the other ones are obviously. The suitable temperature scope of sweet cherry photosynthesis changed from 11℃ to 36℃, and the most suitable temperature was between 23℃and 25℃, in which Pn of Sato Nishiki exceeded the other two cultivars significantly.