棉花纤维品质分子育种的现状及展望

棉纤维是重要的纺织工业原料。随着人民群众对衣着要求的普遍提高，纺工部门引入高效快速的纺纱技术，对棉花品种的总体纤维品质，提出了更高的要求。目前国内外棉花育种家除了利用常规技术外，还大规模开展了棉纤维品质改良的分子育种研究。本文综述了国内外利用克隆出的棉纤维发育基因以及外源基因开展棉纤维品质改良的转基因育种和棉纤维优质基因的分子标记筛选和辅助选择育种的研究进展。同时，根据我国目前棉花品种品质水平、生产状况，提出了棉花品质育种策略。

Present Status and Prospect ofMolecular Breeding for Cotton Fiber Qualities

Cotton fiber is an important raw material for industry. As people want better clothing, and weaving and knitting factories use higher speed equipment, good fiber quality is needed. In addition to use conventional breeding method, molecular breeding strategy is also extensively used to improve fiber qualities in the world. In the present review, transgenic strategy using both cotton fiber development genes and foreign genes, and molecular marker assisted selection to improve cotton fiber qualities were presented. Some breeding strategies to improve fiber quality are suggested based on present status of fiber quality and production condition in China.