高丛蓝莓杂交育种及种子萌发研究

目的]创新蓝莓种质资源,培育新品种。方法]以6个高丛蓝莓品种为材料,采用4种授粉方式进行人工杂交,设5个赤霉素溶液浸种处理,研究赤霉素对杂交种子发芽率的影响。结果]选取即将开放的花蕾去雄授粉,以去雄后直接授粉的结实率最低,去雄后5 d授粉的结实率最高。参试6个高丛蓝莓品种具有较高的杂交亲和性,不同杂交组合的结实率、坐果率不同且不呈正相关,同一对亲本的正反交结实率有较大差异,薄雾×夏普兰结实率、坐果率最高(分别为87.2%、62.8%),莱格西×奥尼尔结实率最低(为65.4%),布里吉塔×南金坐果率最低(为41.5%)。杂交果实的成熟期提前,杂种果实性状受母本影响较大。不同浓度赤霉素处理的始发芽时间均显著缩短,200 mg/L赤霉素是奥尼尔×南金发芽最佳处理,大于600 mg/L赤霉素浸种不利于奥尼尔×夏普兰发芽。赤霉素处理不同组合的杂交种子发芽率在35.0%~75.0%,始发芽时间在20~30 d。结论]相同倍性蓝莓品种杂交亲和性较高,授粉以去雄后3~5 d为宜,赤霉素处理能显著缩短杂交种子的始发芽时间。

Research on Hybrid Breeding and Seed Germination Technology of Highbush Blueberry

Objective] In order to innovate the germplasm resources and cultivate new varieties of blueberry. Method] Selecting 6 highbush blueberry cultivars, the effect of GA3 on the ermination rate of hybrid seed was studied using 4 pollination methods of artificial hybridization by setting 5 gibberellin solution soaking treatment. Result] Selecting open bud pollinate after emasculation, the seed setting rate of direct pollina-tion was the lowest, after 5 days emasculation rate was the highest.The 6 tested varieties had high cross compatibility.The seed setting rate, fruit setting rate was different and not positively correlated in different combinations .There was a big difference between the reciprocal cross of the same pair of parents in the seed setting rate.The seed setting rate, fruit setting rate of‘ Misty ×Sharpblue ’was the hightest,respectively 87.2%, 62.8%, the seed setting rate of‘legcy × O’ neal’ (65.4%) was the lowest, the fruit setting rate of‘Brigitta ×Southgold’ (41.5%) was the lowest.The mature period of hybrid fruit was ahead of time,and affected by the female parent.The germination time was sig-nificantly shortened at different concentrations of GA treatment, 200 mg/L GA3 was the best treatment of OS germination,more than 600 mg/L GA3 is not conducive to the germination of OX.The germination rate of hybrid seeds treated with different combinations of GA3 ranged from 35.0% to 75.0%, and the germination time ranged from 20 to 30 d.Conclusion] The hybrid affinity of the same ploidy blueberry cultivars was higher.The pollination treatment of 3-5 days after emasculation was appropriate.Gibberellin treatment can significantly shorten the initial germination time of hybrid seeds.