土地退化经济学分析与防治对策

中国土地退化普遍存在,全国退化土壤总面积为4.65亿hm2,占国土面积的48.44%,局部地区退化严重,中度以上(含中度)退化土壤面积1.58亿hm2,占34%。笔者从经济学的角度剖析土地退化的深层原因。发现私人利益、集团利益与国家利益不一致时,受集团势力的影响,政策难以发挥作用,导致土地过度使用;外部不经济性难以实现内部化,导致土地破坏严重;地权“四权”分离导致土地护理不力、滥占严重。针对土地退化的原因,提出行政干预、完善法律、经济手段以及工程技术等防治措施,共同防治土地退化,可较好达到防治的预期目的。

Controlling Strategies of The Land Degradation and Its Economic Analysis

Land degradation(LD) is widely in China,total area is about 465 million hm2,accounts for 48.44% of the total territory.Land degradation in some regions is seriously,there is about 158 million hm2 seriously degraded land,account for 34% of the total territory.The internal reasons of it are analyzed in economics.Research finds when personal interests and aggregative interests are not consistent with national interests,group influence results in policy invalidation,so that land is used in excess;since problems of exterior diseconomy can not resolved in it,land destroys seriously;the "four authorities" of land divided,which leads land protection doesn''t oneself best and land excessively occupied.According as the reasons of land degradation,puts forward controlling strategies,which includes government intervening,perfecting laws,using economic measures,engineering technology.Integrate all the controlling strategies in prevention and cure from land degradation,we would achieve expected aim.