赤峰草原主要分布区物种组成及多样性

为了完善赤峰草原主要分布区草地现有植被资料,促进草地植被恢复,合理开发利用和保护该区域内的牧草种质、发展草地畜牧业,以3个地区的草地群落为研究对象,采用典型取样法,调查和分析了群落物种组成、丰富度、多样性、均匀度等特征,探讨了植物群落多样性与海拔梯度变化的关系。结果表明,赤峰草原主要分布区植物资源丰富,共发现植物233种,分属39科155属;草地植物群落以菊科(Compositae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、禾本科(Gramineae)植物为主。通过样方调查发现,巴林右旗草地植物的优势种为羊草(Leymus chinensis)和阴地蒿(Artemisia sylvatica),丛生隐子草(Cleistogenes caespitosa)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和寸草(Carex duriuscula)等为伴生种;巴林左旗优势种为寸草,伴生种为羊草、无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)和野亚麻(Linum stelleroides)等;克什克腾旗以寸草为优势种,羊草、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和小菅草(Themede minor)等为伴生种。草地植物群落多样性存在极显著差异(P0.01),自巴林左旗、克什克腾旗、巴林右旗呈现逐渐降低趋势。赤峰草原主要分布区草地植物群落多样性指数随海拔的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,中等海拔处(800 m)植物群落多样性最高。

Grassland Species Composition and Diversity of Main Grassland Areas in Chifeng

In order to improve existent vegetation data of main grassland areas in Chifeng,promote grassland revegetation,uti-lize reasonably,protect forage germplasm resources and develop livestock farming,species composition,richness,diversity,even-ness of grassland community were studied in grassland communities of three areas by typical sampling method,and the relation between plant diversity of community and altitudinal gradient was revealed. The results showed that main grassland areas in Chifeng were rich in plant resource,there were 39 families 155 genera 233 species,mainly Compositae,Leguminosae,Gramineae. Based on plot investigation,the dominant plant species in Balinyou Banner grassland were Leymus chinensis and A rtemisia sylvatica,and Cleistogenes caespitosa,Phragmites australis,Carex duriuscula were companion species;The dominant plant species in Balinzuo Banner grassland were C.duriuscula,and the companion species were L.chinensis,Cleistogenes songorica and Linum stelleroides;The dominant plant species in Hexigten Banner grassland were C.duriuscula,and the companion species were L. chinensis,Agropyron cristatum and Themede minor. There was an extremely difference in the diversity of grassland plant com-munities (P<0.01),which showed a decreasing trend from Balinzuo Banner,Hexigten Banner to Balinyou Banner. The diversity index of grassland plant community in the main grassland areas in Chifeng appeared initially rising and then decreasing with the increase of altitude,and the plant community diversity was the highest at the middle altitude (800 m).