黑水鸡营巢、产卵、孵化及雏鸟生长的初步研究

在江苏省徐州市云龙湖观察了黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus L.)的营巢、产卵、孵化过程,测定了黑水鸡雏鸟阶段的几个生长指标。结果表明,黑水鸡的营巢期从5月初至5月末,巢营建于芦苇Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.]和水烛(Typha angustifolia L.)丛下部,并以芦苇和水烛茎叶织巢;巢底距离水面(10.7±5.4)cm,巢-岸距离(7.38±2.18)m,巢-敞水区距离(2.58±2.13)m;巢密度为0.25~0.40个/100 m~2;巢深(5.5±1.3)cm,巢内面积(241.4±79.6)cm~2;窝卵数(8.9±3.1)个,卵体积(20.15±2.57)cm~3,卵重(20.72±2.46)g;窝卵数与巢内面积呈正相关(r=0.678 5),窝卵数与总卵重呈正相关(r=0.941 8);孵化期为20~21 d,孵化率大于90%;各项形体指标随发育日龄而增长,其中体重增幅逐渐大于体长。由此对黑水鸡栖息地的管理和保护提出了建议。

Study on the Nesting,Laying, Hatching and Nestlings Growth of Gallinula chloropus

We observed the nesting, laying and hatching of Gallinula chloropus L. in Yunlong Lake of Xuzhou city, and measured several growth indexes of nestling stage. The results showed that the nesting period of G. chloropus was from the beginning of May to the end of May. Nests were weave by the leaves and stems of Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. ex Steud. and Typha angustifolia L., and built on the lower part of P. australis and T. angustifolia. The bottom of the nest was 10.7 cm±5.4 cm distant from the water surface; the nest was (7.38±2.18) m distant from shore,(2.58±2.13) m distant from open water. The nest density was 0.25~0.40/100 m2 while depth was 5.5 cm±1.3 cm; the nest inner-area was (241.4±79.6)cm2. The clutch size was 8.9±3.1; the egg size was (20.15±2.57) cm3; the egg mass was (20.72±2.46) g. The clutch size and the nest inner-area was positively correlated(r=0.6785), the clutch size and clutch mass was positively correlated(r=0.9418). The in-cubation period was 20 d to 21 d, and hatching rate was more than 90%. With the days, the various shape indexes in-creased, and the weight gain was greater than the length gradually. Some constructive strategies for managing and protection of G. chloropus habitat were offered.