剑麻提取物对福寿螺的毒理效应

为探讨剑麻对福寿螺的防治效果及其作用机制,利用浸杀试验法,评价了剑麻鲜叶水浸液、叶干粉正丁醇提取物和乙醇提取物对福寿螺的毒杀效果,并测定了59 mg·L-1、96 mg·L-1的正丁醇提取物和180 mg·L-1、325 mg·L-1的乙醇提取物对福寿螺肝组织超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、胆碱酯酶(ChE)、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)酶活性的影响。结果表明:剑麻鲜叶水浸液、正丁醇提取物和乙醇提取物对福寿螺均具有一定的毒杀效果,处理72 h后,对福寿螺的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为35.3 g·L-1、93.3 mg·L-1、298.6 mg·L-1,其对应的95%的置信区间为32.9~37.7 g·L-1、87.6~99.7 mg·L-1、272.9~318.7 mg·L-1。剑麻乙醇提取物和正丁醇提取物处理福寿螺12h后,肝组织SOD活性均表现为在低浓度下变化不大,在高浓度下酶活性显著增加;处理48 h后,在高浓度正丁醇提取物作用下,SOD活性仍显著高于清水对照,而在高、低浓度乙醇提取物作用下,其SOD活性与对照之间均无显著差异。剑麻提取物一定程度上诱导了福寿螺肝组织ChE的活性,其中正丁醇提取物对ChE影响较大,96 mg·L-1处理螺48 h后,酶活性显著高于对照(P<0.05)。正丁醇提取物对福寿螺肝组织ATPase活性的影响,总体表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制,而乙醇提取物对其影响无明显规律。因此,剑麻对福寿螺有一定的防治效果,具有良好的应用前景。

Toxicological effect of Agave sisalana Perrine extract on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck)

Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck is an invasive alien species that is very harmful to the ecosystem and rice production in South China. To verify the toxicity and related mechanism of Agave sisalana Perrine to golden apple snail, the toxic effects of aqueous, n-butanol and ethanol extracts of A. sisalana were tested via the snail-immersed method. The effects of n-butanol (59 mg·L^-1, 96 mg·L^-1) and ethanol (180 mg·L^-1, 325 mg·L^-1) extracts on cholinesterase (ChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in hepatic tissue of golden apple snails were also investigated. Based on the results, aqueous, n-butanol and ethanol extracts of A. sisalana had toxic effects on golden apple snail. Their semi-lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) on golden apple snail for 72 h toxicity exposure were 35.3 g·L^-1, 93.3 mg·L^-1 and 298.6 mg·L^-1, respectively. The corresponding 95% confidence interval ranges were 32.9~37.7 g·L^-1, 87.6~99.7 mg·L^-1 and 272.9~318.7 mg·L^-1, respectively. When treated with n-butanol and ethanol extracts for 12 h, SOD activity in snail hepatic tissues showed no obvious change at low concentrations. SOD activity, however, increased significantly at high concentrations. After treatment for 48 h, SOD activity at high concentrations of n-butanol extract was significantly higher than that of the control. However, SOD activity did not show any obvious change in both low and high concentrations of ethanol extract. All A. sisalana extracts somehow increased ChE activity, with n-butanol extract exhibiting higher effect on ChE activity. When treated with 96 mg·L^-1 n-butanol extract for 48 h, ChE activity significantly exceeded that of the control (P < 0.05). Overall, n-butanol extract treatment enhanced ATPase activity at low concentrations and suppressed it at high concentrations. Irrespectively, no obvious pattern change was noted under ethanol extract treatment. In conclusion, A. sisalana was somehow toxic to golden apple snail. A better mode of application was needed for future exploitations.