SSR荧光标记秋子梨种质分子身份证构建及亲缘关系分析

以“国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃”保存的53份秋子梨种质为试材,利用位于梨基因组17条染色体上多态性好的17对SSR荧光引物构建秋子梨种质分子身份证,建立每份种质的条形码标识,并探讨种质之间的亲缘关系。17对SSR引物在53份秋子梨材料中共检测到268个等位基因,平均每对引物检测到15.7个；NAUpy45b检测到的等位基因数最多为23个,NAUpy54b检测到的等位基因数最少为10个；所有引物的香农信息指数平均为2.311,其中NAUpy45b的香农信息指数最高,为2.673；NAUpy54b的香农信息指数最低,为1.672。聚类分析53份秋子梨可以划分成2个组,与地理相关；长白山及小兴安岭的秋子梨野生资源单独聚类,与栽培品种亲缘关系较远。热梨和白八里香为同物异名品种。SSR标记可以区分梨的芽变品种,可用于梨种质资源鉴别和保护。

Molecular Identification Establishment of P. ussuriensis Accessions using the Fluorescent-labeled SSR Markers and Genetic Relationship Analysis

53 accessions of P. ussuriensis preserved in the National Repository of Pear and Apple Germplasm Resources in Xingcheng, China were used to establish the molecular identification and reveal their genetic relationship. 17 highly polymorphic fluorescent-labeled SSR makers respectively located in 17 chromosomes of pear genome were selected to establish the molecular ID and bar code ID. 268 alleles were detected with an average of 15.7, with NAUpy45b the highest alleles (23) and NAUpy54b the least (10). The Shannon information index was 0.869, with NAUpy45b the highest (2.673) and NAUpy54b the lowest (1.672). 53 accessions of P. ussuriensis were divided into 2 classes by cluster analysis, which was geographically relevant. The P. ussuriensis wild accessions from Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxingan Mountain clustered together as one category which revealed a distant relationship with P. ussuriensis cultivars. Reli and Baibalixiang were synonym varieties. The sport mutation accessions of pear could be distinguished by SSR markers. Generally, SSR markers could be used as a useful method for pear identification and protection.