“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长及其酶活性的影响

研究旨在考察饲料中添加不同水平的“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长、消化酶及非特异免疫活性的影响。将野生大刺鳅子一代(Mastacembelus aculeatus)幼鱼随机分成4 组，每组3 个平行，其中1 组为饲喂鳗鲡配合饲料的对照组，另外3 组分别为饲喂添加0.1%、0.5%、1.0%“百草霜”鳗鲡配合饲料的试验组，水温26~28℃，溶解氧5.0~6.0 mg/L，pH 6.5~7.5，饲养周期为56 天。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加0.5%“百草霜”对大刺鳅增重率和特定生长率分别提高了24.76%和16.18%(P<0.05)，而0.1%组饲料系数降低了30.23%(P<0.05)。添加“百草霜”未影响大刺鳅成活率(P>0.05)。胃蛋白酶在0.5%组最高(P<0.05)；肠道及肝脏淀粉酶活力随着“百草霜”浓度的增大均呈先上升后下降的趋势，其中0.1%组效果最好，与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。非特异性免疫指标的测定结果显示：添加0.1%和0.5%的大刺鳅肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，而肝脏过氧化氢酶活性在0.1%组达到最大(P<0.05)，各组肝脏SOD、AKP、ACP与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述研究表明，饲料中添加剂量为0.1%~0.5%的“百草霜”能显著提高大刺鳅酶活性，满足生长需求。

Feeding Vegetable Carbon Black Affecting Growth Performance and Enzyme Activities in Mastacembelus aculeatus

We aim to analyze the effects of vegetable carbon black at different levels on growth performance, digestive enzymes and non-specific immune activities of wild F1 juvenile Mastacembelus aculeatus. A basal diet without adding vegetable carbon black and three test diets containing 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% vegetable carbon black were prepared to feed four groups of M. aculeatus in triplicate respectively. The feeding experiment was conducted in 12 tank systems (150 L each) at a controlled water temperature of 26-28℃, dissolved oxygen of 5.0-6.0 mg/L and pH 6.5-7.5 for eight weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 0.5%vegetable carbon black group significantly increased by 24.76% and 16.18% respectively (P<0.05), and feed conversion rate of 0.1% vegetable carbon black group significantly reduced by 30.23%(P<0.05). Survival rate was not affected by vegetable carbon black (P>0.05). The activity of pepsin was the highest in the group of 0.5% vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). The activities of amylase in both intestine and liver first increased and then decreased with the increase of vegetable carbon black, with the highest value in the group of 0.1% vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). In the respect of non-specific immunity, the addition of 0.1%and 0.5%vegetable carbon black in diet had significant effect on activities of SOD, CAT, ACP, AKP in intestine (P<0.05). And the CAT activity in liver was the highest in the group of 0.1%vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). But SOD, AKP, ACP activities in liver were no affected in all the tested groups (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the growth performance and the activities of enzymes in M. aculeatus could be improved by adding 0.1%-0.5%vegetable carbon black.