烤烟烟叶主流烟气中苯酚释放量的差异及其影响因素研究

为了解我国烤烟烟叶卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量的差异及其影响因素,选取我国 5 个主产烟区的上、中、下三个部位烤烟烟叶作为试验材料,测定了烟叶化学成分含量和卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量,并进行方差分析、相关性分析、多元线性回归分析。在相关性分析基础上,选择与主流烟气中苯酚释放量相关性高的化学成分进行添加试验。结果表明：不同部位烟叶卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量为：上部叶>中部叶>下部叶；不同产区间烟叶卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量为：黄淮烟区烟叶卷烟苯酚释放量最高,其次为东南烟区,这两者显著高于其余3个烟区。主流烟气中苯酚释放量与烟叶中总糖、还原糖、非挥发性有机酸、环己烷提取物、K/Cl、pH等呈极显著负相关,与烟碱、总生物碱、挥发碱、总氮、氨、游离氨基酸、绿原酸、高级脂肪酸、总茄尼醇呈极显著正相关,与纤维素、莨菪亭、芸香苷显著正相关,与烟叶果胶、醚提物关系不明显。多元逐步回归分析建立了主流烟气中苯酚释放量的回归模型,该模型能够解释80.4%因变量的变化,能较准确的预测主流烟气中的苯酚释放量。添加试验的结果与相关性分析结果表现一致的有蔗糖、葡萄糖、苹果酸、柠檬酸、绿原酸、烟碱和茄尼醇；表现相反的是脯氨酸。

The Difference and Influencing Factors of Phenol Release Amounts in Mainstream Smoke of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

To define the differences and influencing factors of phenol release amounts in mainstream smoke of flue-cured tobacco leaves among different parts and different producing areas, tobacco leaves of three stem positions (upper, middle and lower) from five main tobacco producing areas of China were sampled, the release amounts of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke and some chemical components of tobacco leaves were determined, variance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. On the basis of correlation analysis, adding experiments with the chemical components which were highly correlated with phenol release amounts in mainstream cigarette smoke were done. Results showed that the flue-cured tobacco leaves from Huanghuai region had the highest phenol release amount in the mainstream cigarette smoke, the tobacco leaves from the southeast region had the second, and those from the other three tobacco regions had much lower phenol release amounts. The release amounts of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke from leaves of different stem positions had an order as: upper leaves> middle leaves> lower leaves. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had highly and significantly negative correlation with total sugar, reducing sugar, nonvolatile organic acids, hexane extract, K/Cl and pH value. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had highly and significantly positive correlation with nicotine, total alkaloids, volatile bases, total nitrogen, ammonia, free amino acid, chlorogenic acid, higher aliphatic acid and total solanesol. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had significantly positive correlation with cellulose, scopoletin, rutin, and had no obvious correlation with tobacco pectin and ether extract. The regression model of the phenol release amounts in the mainstream cigarette smoke was established by multiple regression analysis, which could explain 80.4% changes of the dependent variable, and could accurately predict the phenol release amount in mainstream smoke. Experimental results of sucrose, glucose, malic acid, citric acid, chlorogenic acid, nicotine and solanesol as additives were similar to the correlation analysis data. However, the experimental result of proline as the additive disagreed with the correlation analysis data.