昆虫病原物的免疫逃避策略研究进展

昆虫的先天免疫系统包括细胞免疫与体液免疫,它们共同作用于入侵的微生物,保护机体免受各种病原物的侵染。在漫长的进化中,病原微生物也发展了一系列策略应对昆虫的细胞与体液免疫。已有研究表明,病原物主要采取杀死血细胞,抑制细胞吞噬及结节形成,分泌毒力因子或利用体表的脂类成分等策略逃避昆虫细胞免疫;通过分泌蛋白酶降解抗菌肽,利用病原物细胞表面缺乏免疫诱导因子或抑制宿主抗菌肽的表达等策略应对昆虫体液免疫。本文结合相关研究成果,综述病原物抵抗昆虫免疫反应的一系列策略,阐释宿主昆虫同病原物之间免疫与抗免疫的动态互作过程。

Advance in Immune Evasion Strategy of Insect Pathogens

Insect innate immune system includes cellular and humoral immunity,which act on invasive microbes together and protect insect from invasion of different pathogens.During the long-term evolution,pathogenic microorganisms also develop a series of complex strategies to circumvent insect cellular and humoral immunity.Previous studies showed that the main strategies adopted by pathogens to escape insect cellular immunity are killing hemocytes,suppressing cell phagocytosis,nodulation formation,secreting virulence factors,and utilizing cuticular lipid components.The main strategies adopted by pathogens to hide from insect humoral immunity are secreting proteases to degrade antimicrobial peptides,avoiding detection by removing immune elicitors on their cell surfaces,or suppressing expression of host antimicrobial peptides.Based on the related research results,this article summarized the strategies employed by pathogens to overcome insect immune response and interpreted the dynamic interactive process of immunity and anti-immunity between insects and pathogens.