大、小麦生育阶段及穗原基发育特点的研究

本文主要对不同类型品种的大、小麦各生育阶段和穗原基分化的特点,及光温等因子对大麦生长发育的影响进行分析探讨,并对大麦早熟发育特点、生长锥分化及营养、生殖生长的转折点提出了不同看法。1.同类型大麦与小麦相比,出苗～抽穗各阶段差异极小。大麦早熟主要是抽穗～成熟时间短。2.不同类型、播期间以出苗～拔节天数变化最大。大麦早熟优势主要是穗分化开始早、进程快。大麦最小营养生长期明显比小麦短,且各类型间差异极小。3.伸长期的出现与日均温呈显著负相关,是积温效应,而与春化无关。认为小麦对春化反应敏感期及营养、生殖生长转折点是单棱～二棱;而大麦是二棱～三联期。4.拔节～成熟期温度对各生育阶段持续期的直接通径系数最大,且为负值。出苗～拔节春化反应极弱的春性大麦品种与日均温呈显著负相关。而有春化反应的大、小麦品种,低温有促进作用。

A STUDY ON THE EAR DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF WHEAT AND BARLEY

This paper studies the characteristics of the ear difference and deve-lopment stages between cultivars of wheat and barley. The results can besummarized as follows:1. Comparative studies on identical type of wheat and barley. There islittle difference in every stages from emergence to heading.The earler ma-turity of barley mainly due to the shorter duration from heading to ripea-ness.2. The variation of duration from emergence to elongation stage ismost significant for different types and seeding times. The minimal ve-getative period of barley is significantly shorter than wheat,and the differ-ence among different types is little.3. The emergence of the apex elongation stage pressents negative cor-relation and has accumulated temperature effect. The period of double ri-dge of wheat is most sensitive to vernalization, but the barley is in triplemound.4. The direct path coefficients with temperature to duration of each de-velopment stage from elongation to ripeness are maximum and negative.Butthe duration of the cultivars with vernalization reaction of wheat and bar-ley pressents positive correlation with the temperature from emergence toelongation stage.