机插对早稻生育期的影响及原因探究

以株两优30为材料,采用传统手栽、机插秧苗手栽(机手)和机插秧苗机插(机插)3种种植方式,研究机插对早稻生育期影响及其原因。结果表明:传统手栽秧苗素质极显著优于秧盘育秧;机插对秧苗的损伤程度大于手栽;机手和机插生育期分别较传统手栽延迟1 d和3 d,机手生育期延迟由移栽至有效分蘖临界期(N-n,N表示主茎叶片数,n表示水稻节间数,下同)延长引起,机插是移栽至抽穗期延长引起的;秧苗素质差,地上部分干物质积累量少,植伤重是早稻机插生育期推迟主要原因。生产上可通过培育壮秧,提高机插质量等措施来缓解机插生育期延迟。

Influence of Mechanical Transplantation on the Growth Period of Early Rice and Its Causes

To study the effect of mechanical transplanting on growth period of early rice and its causes,a one?year field experiment was conducted with early rice combination Zhuliangyou30 by means of three planting methods,namely, artificial transplanting, mechanical transplanting and tray nursing seedlings transplanted by hand.The results showed that the seedling quality of the artificial transplanting was significantly better than that of the tray nursing seedlings,machine did more damage to the seedlings than hand,tray nursing seedlings trans?planted by hand (TNSTH) and tray nursing seedlings transplanted by machine (MT) delayed 1 and 3 days of the growth period compared with artificial transplanting,the delay of the growth period of TNSTH was caused by the extension of the critical period from transplanting to effective tiller,that of MT was caused by the extension of the period from transplanting to the heading stage,the seedling quality was poor,the dry matter accumulation of the aerial part was little and planting injury was the main cause for the delay of the growth period of early rice transplanted by machine.In practical production the delay of the growth period caused by mechanical transplan?ting can be alleviated through cultivating strong seedlings, improving the quality of machanical transplanting and so on.