明清山西宅园初探

明清两代山西的官僚、巨商建有大量的宅园,但经历代破坏所存无几。经实地调查、访问及查阅文献,对山西宅园的特色可归纳为:宅园较少而精小;以平地建园及封闭式庭园为主,因宅园一般建在城内及近郊,占地较少,故园林建筑物竖向比例较大,浑厚古朴,且以绝对高差和房基标高来形成起伏布局,以厅堂、长廊、楼阁、水池小门等来分隔庭院空间与宅院连接;其理水手法亦因地制宜;而园林建筑形式、装修和室内外陈设富有地方特色;又因山西苦寒,故在园内砌筑花墙放置应时盆景、盆花以丰富植物题材并就地取材叠石堆山,其手法精巧。最后并提出今后建园可借鉴之处。

A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE HOME GARDENS OF THE MING AND QING DYNASTIES IN SHANXI

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,merchants, bankers and goverment officials in Shanxi built a number of home gardens.However, because of damage and outright destruction incurred during periods of unrest few exist intact today. Having investigated many of these home gardens, and visited the sites upon which some were built, we believe the following to be the characteristics of gardens in this period, 1. The gardens were relatively small, with an emphasis on quality rather than size. 2. They were built, for the most part, on level ground. 3. The 'Fengbi' (seal or close off) style of garden construction is typical. 4. Irrigation was done within the limits of he local water supply 5. The layout,construction, and floral displays of each garden were based on local condition. 6. The po-called 'flower tables',upon which potted plants Could be placed,Were used to create the illusion of varying elevations 7. The gardens were built with locally available materials and they were constructed with exquisite skill. We shall put forward to draw lessons from the construction garden.