鄱阳湖水环境承载力及主要污染源研究

通过研究鄱阳湖水环境承载力、水污染主导因子及其主要来源,为科学规划鄱阳湖生态经济区的产业布局和发展规模,建设"环鄱阳湖生态经济区"提供理论依据。研究结果:鄱阳湖水资源承载力0.5216,表明鄱阳湖水资源对流域内社会经济发展还有一定的承载空间;水质承载指数6.179,说明流域范围内主要污染物的排放量超过鄱阳湖的水质承载力;水环境承载力4.295,反映出鄱阳湖虽然水资源丰富,但水环境较差的水质性缺水的生态问题仍然存在,防治流域水污染刻不容缓。鄱阳湖水体中BOD、COD的年纳污量虽小于Ⅲ类水质控制纳污量,但TN的年纳污总量介于Ⅲ类水和Ⅳ类水质的控制纳污量之间,TP年纳污量大于Ⅳ类水质的控制纳污量,TN和TP成为湖区水体的主要污染因子。鄱阳湖水体中的COD、TN、TP主要来源于城镇生活污水和非点源污染,其中非点源污染的贡献率最大,农业非点源污染控制应成为"环鄱阳湖生态经济区"建设重点。

Study on Water Environment Carrying Capacity and Main Pollution Sources of Poyang Lake

The study results showed that the water resource carrying index in the Poyang Lake was 0.5216,which suggested that water resource of the Poyang Lake could satisfy the need of drainage basin economy development.Water quality carrying index was 6.179,which showed that the pollutants load exceeded the carrying capacity of water quality in the Poyang Lake.Water environment carrying capacity was 4.295.The yearly acceptable loads of COD and BOD in the Poyang Lake were less than the controlled acceptable load of Ⅲ type water quality,but the yearly acceptable total load of TN was between the controlled acceptable load of Ⅲ type and Ⅳ type water quality,and the yearly acceptable load of TP was more than the controlled acceptable load of Ⅳ type water quality,which proved that TN and TP were the crucial factors for water eutrophication and pollution in the Poyang Lake.Pollutants(COD,TN and TP) in the Poyang Lake were derived mostly from city sewage and non-point source pollution,the latter contributed significantly more than the former,so provincial management measures for non-point source agricultural pollution should be launched for developing the ecological economy zone around the Poyang Lake in the future.