水产动物药物代谢动力学研究概况

本文总结了水产动物药物代谢动力学研究所涉及的受试动物、原形药物以及部分药物的代谢产物 ,比较了药浴法、肌肉注射法、口服法、血管注射法、心包内或血窦内注射给药等不同给药途径在水产动物药动学研究中的优缺点 ,探讨了种属差异、性别和健康状况等水产动物生理因素以及温度和盐度等环境因素对药动学的影响 ,分析了水产动物药动学研究模型如房室模型、非房室模型和生理学模型的特点 ,并提出了我国水产动物药动学的今后研究方向

Review on pharmacokinetic study in aquatic animals

There is intrer-species difference in pharmacokinetics in most of pharmacokinetic studies and there is sexual difference in male and female lobster. The significant differences in some pharmacokinectic parameters between healthy fish and infected fish might be caused by apparent volume of distribution, protein binding and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Environmental temperature played an important role in pharmacokinetics in aquatic animals because most of them are poikilothermic animals and temperature greatlty affects their metabolism. It is unamimous that salinity affects the pharmacokinetics in different animals. The models which are adapted in pharmacokinetics are mainly compartmental, non-compartmental and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. Compartmental models are adapted commonly in pharmacokinetic studies in aquatic animals, while non-compartmental models are seldom adapted. Development of physiologically-based models is highly desirable because they allow extrapolation to other species, body sizes and environmental conditions. Meanwhile, the tendency of pharmacokinetic studies in aquatic animals in China is also discussed.