西藏林芝高产春青稞品种冠层形态结构特性分析

为探明冠层形态结构特性对林芝地区春青稞产量的影响,以高产和中高产2种类型8个春青稞品种为材料,采用高产栽培方法,分析了高产春青稞品种群体动态及其冠层形态结构特性。试验结果表明:高产品种与中高产品种相比,1)产量:平均高28.5%;2)单位面积穗数、穗粒数、平方米粒数和千粒重平均分别高8.5%、10.4%、15.6%和16.1%;3)分蘖期最大总茎数低20.11%,干物质积累量低28.3%;拔节期-灌浆期间分蘖消亡速度低17.44%;抽穗期干物质积累量高17.5%,分蘖成穗率高9.06%;4)冠层形态:上三叶叶面积分别大94.52%、59.02%和40.50%;上三叶基角、开张角和披垂度均表现为旗叶倒二叶倒三叶的规律;具有较高的株高和基部第2节间粗短的茎秆特性以及长穗和穗下节间长而粗的穗部特性。

Analysis on canopy architecture and growth performance of high yield spring barley cultivars in Tibet region

In order to understand the relationships of canopy architecture and yield formation in spring barley,a two-year experiment (2014-2015) was conducted by using eight spring barley cultivars in Linzhi area,Tibet.The results showed that high-yield (HY) cultivars had 28.5% higher mean yield than those medium-yield (MY) cultivars,probably as a results of increasing in ear/m² by 8.5%,spike lets per ear by 10.4%,spike lets/m² by 15.6%,and kernel weight by 16.1%,respectively.At tiller stage,mean maximum tiller number of HY cultivars was 20.11% lower than that of MY cultivars,and dry matter accumulation was 28.3% lower.Tiller mortality mainly appeared in the period from elongation to grain-filling stage,and the mortality rate of HY cultivars was 17.44% lower than that of MY cultivars.At heading stage,HY cultivars were superior to MY cultivars in dry matter accumulation and percentage of ear-bearing tillers with 17.5% and 9.06% higher,respectively.Regarding canopy architecture,top three leaves area of HY barley cultivars were 94.52,59.02 and 40.50% larger than that of MY cultivars,respectively.The values of basic leaf angle,open angle,and leaf drooping degree of the top three leaves of HY cultivars showed the same pattern:flag leaf < 2^nd top leaf < 3^rd top leaf.Furthermore,HY cultivars had higher plant height,thicker and shorter basal 2^nd internode,and longer ears with a longer and stronger jointed internode.