我国果园机械化生产现状与发展策略

针对果园机械化水平较低、产业发展滞后问题,以果园土壤耕整、树体管理、病虫害防治、灌溉、果品回收环节为突破口,重点分析围绕上述5个环节相关的果园生产动力机械、开沟施肥机械、植保机械、修剪机械、花果管理机械、枝条粉碎机械、灌溉机械、收获机械国内外使用现状及发展趋势。针对研究现状,分析了我国果园机械化发展中存在的主要问题,并进一步推荐与分析了6.67hm2标准化果园劳动量较大的七大作业环节的机具选型、劳动成本及节约成本效益。研究结果表明:平地果园和丘陵山地果园的综合机械化作业水平分别为:土壤耕整机械25%和5.5%,树体管理20%和8%,病虫防治15%和7.5%,果品收获4%和2%,综合机械化16%和5.75%。当前政府应加大科研投入力度,加强农机与农艺的融合,循序渐进、各环节逐一突破,加强果园机械化技术的推广应用,因地制宜,有选择地发展我国果园机械。

Current status and development strategies of orchard mechanization production in China

The level of China orchard mechanization falls behind other countries,which seriously restricts the healthy development of fruit industry.By taking orchard soil plowing,tree management,pest control,irrigation,fruit collection as guidance factors,this study was focused on the main links of orchard mechanization operations and labor used.The application and research situation of orchard production power machinery,ditcher,crop protection machine,hedge trimmer,management machine,harvest machine,branch grinding machine and irrigation machine at home and abroad were analyzed.Moreover,the selection and labor cost were discussed in the seven main links of the 100 mu standardization.The research results show that:The ground orchards,hilly mountain orchard soil plowing machinery comprehensive operation level are 25% and 5.5%;Tree management comprehensive machinery operation level are 20% and 8%;Pests control comprehensive machinery operation levels are 15% and 7.5%;Fruit harvest comprehensive machinery operation levels are 4% and 2%; Comprehensive mechanization levels are 16% and 5.75%,respectively.The government should increase investment in scientific research,strengthen the agricultural machinery and agronomy combination,each link one by one breakthrough,enhance the application of orchard mechanization technology,adjust measures to local conditions,selectively develop orchard machinery in our country.