竹纤维吸油材料的制备

以南方速生材毛竹为原料,经蒸煮、纤维帚化疏解、热解处理制备出植物纤维吸油材料。研究了吸油材料的吸油性能及其与热处理温度、抽出物的关系。结果表明,经过350℃热处理试样的吸油量最大、吸水量最小,吸油量与吸水量之比值最大,高达74,显示出卓越的吸油性能。蒸煮纤维在250-500℃热处理时,试样的热水抽出物与1%NaOH抽出物含量随热解温度升高而减少,苯醇抽出物含量则在250℃时较少,300℃时增大,400℃后急剧减少。研究表明,纤维表面的亲油性物质对吸油能力有重要影响。制备过程中的热水、苯醇抽出物等的生成、分解、挥发对其选择性吸油能力影响较大,亲油性物质在热解过程中生成并附着于纤维表面使吸油材料的亲油性提高。

Preparation of oil sorbent material from bamboo fiber

The process was comprised of bamboo cooking,mechanically fibrillating and heating the resultant at 250-500 ℃ for a predetermined period of time.The relationship between the oil sorption of the heat-treated fiber,heat-treated temperature as well as extracts were discussed.The results showed that the heat-treated fiber at 350 ℃was excellent with maximal oil sorption,minimum water sorption and the ratio between oil sorption and water sorption up to 74.Hot water and 1% NaOH extracts of the sample(decreased) with increasing temperature at 250-500 ℃.Ethanol-benzene extracts less at 250 ℃,and then increased at(300 ℃.)(Significant) decreases of ethanol-benzene extracts occurred at 400 ℃.The results showed that the oil selectivity of heat-treated bamboo fiber depended on the increased hydrophobicity of polysaccharides and decrease of hydrophilic components.The adhesion of lipophilic pyrolyzate on the fiber surface greatly affected its oil selectivity.