人工老化对小麦种子活力及醇溶蛋白组成的影响

为揭示种子活力与醇溶蛋白组成变化的关系,以小麦品种百农矮抗58、周麦18、新麦208、郑麦9023和杂交小麦(BNS/05525)为材料,高温(43±1)℃、高湿(95％相对湿度)老化处理0,4,6,9,12,15d和20 d,对老化处理种子的活力及醇溶蛋白组成进行了分析.结果表明,随着老化时间的延长,小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数逐渐降低,老化20 d的小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均降为0,种子活力丧失.在同一老化程度下,杂交小麦种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均高于百农矮抗58、周麦18、新麦208、郑麦9023,说明杂交小麦的抗老化能力较强;电导率在种子老化的0～12 d内变化较小,种子老化到15d时电导率迅速升高;5个小麦品种种子老化20 d后,发芽率从100％下降到0,醇溶蛋白的表达均出现了带型的变化,ω区醇溶蛋白出现了谱带的丢失、新蛋白的增加及蛋白表达量的上升和下降.种子活力丧失与蛋白的丢失、新谱带的产生都是在同一时间(种子老化20 d),说明种子活力的丧失与ω区域醇溶蛋白的消失和新增加的蛋白质有关;种子老化程度的加剧,导致了某些存活能力差的基因型消失,消失的基因可能与种子活力的表达相关.

Effects of Aging Treatment on Seed Vigor and Constitutes of Gliadin in Wheat

In order to investigate the relationship of seed vigor and gliadin composition,Bainong aikang 58,Zhoumai 18,Xinmai 208,Zhengmai 9023 and hybrid wheat seed(BNS/05525) were studied by using artificial accelerated aging(temperature:(43± 1) ℃,RH:95％) with aging 0,4,6,9,12,15 and 20 days.The seeds vigor and gliadin composition which were aged were analyzed.The result show that wheat seed germination potential,germination rate,germination index,vitality index were gradual decrement trend,the wheat seed losing germination ability when it aging 20 days.The germination germination potential,germination rate,germination index,vitality index of hybrid wheat seed were higher than Bainong aikang 58,Zhoumai 18,Xinmai 208,Zhengmai 9023 under the same aging degree,which illustrate hybrid wheat with a strong anti-aging ability.The conductivity of seeds were changes slightly within the seed aging 0-12 days,it rise rapidly when the seed aging to 15 days.The gliadin composition were changed and the loss of the band,the new protein increased and the rise and fall of the amount of protein expression,the seed germination percentage decreased from 100％ to 0 after aging of 20 d.The loss of seed vigor were connected with the disappearance of the gliadin and the appearance of new proteins,because they happened at the same time.Because of the intensification of seed aging,some poor survivability genotype were disappeard,which the disappearance of genes may be associated with the expression of seed vigor.