Thirteen years of continued application of composted organic wastes in a vineyard modify soil quality characteristics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad Pública de Navarra, Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Navarra, Spain;2. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Granada, Spain;3. Universidad Pública de Navarra, Dpto. Producción Agraria, Navarra, Spain;4. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Fisiología Vegetal y Agrobiotecnología, Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain;5. University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain;1. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Shaoshan South Road, No. 498, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;2. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Shaoshan South Road, No. 658, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;3. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Shaoshan South Road, No. 498, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;4. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Hunan Province, Shaoshan South Road, No. 498, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;5. Paulownia Research and Development Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China;6. Xiangyin Forestry Agency, Fourteen East Lake Community Groups, Wenxing Town, Xiangyin 410051, Hunan, China;1. School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia;2. GEA – Environmental Soil Science Group, Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández, Avda de la Universidad s/n., 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain;1. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;2. Ithaka Institute, Arbaz, Switzerland;1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210042, China;2. Organic Food Development Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210042, China;1. Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Agrarian School of Viseu, CI&DETS, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal;2. Direcção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Centro, Centro de Estudos Vitivinícolas do Dão, Quinta da Cale, 3520-090 Nelas, Portugal;3. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | A solution for environmentally wiser agriculture is the use of composted organic wastes as soil amendments. Just as this alleviates the problem of recycling organic residues, it provides necessary nutrient input for food production. The objective of this work was to study the effect that 13 years of applying three different composted organic wastes or organic amendments have had on soil quality, GHG emissions and the dynamics of its microbial communities 15 days after the annual application. For this purpose, in 1996 a field trial was set up in a Tempranillo vineyard. Since 1998, the applied organic amendments have been as follows: 1. a pelletized organic compost (PEL) made from plant, animal and sewage sludge residues; 2. a compost made from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF-MSW); 3. a compost made of stabilized sheep manure (SMC); 4. a mineral fertilizer (NPK); and 5. an unaltered control. The mean annual doses applied since 1998 have been 3700 kg ha−1 fresh weight (FW) of PEL, 4075 kg ha−1 FW of OF-MSW, 4630 kg ha−1 FW of SMC, and 340 kg ha−1 of NPK treatment. Soil quality was consistently enhanced by amendment application over the 13 years. Total nitrogen was significantly increased in PEL (0.1%), OF-MSW (0.09%) and SMC (0.1%) compared to control (0.06%). Nutrient content was also improved in a similar way, e.g. the most significant increase in P Olsen (80.7 mg kg−1) and K2O (473.8 mg kg−1) was found on SMC. The overall enzyme activity was also increased 15 days after the annual application and OF-MSW had the highest rate (95.9) compared to control (51.3). This increase in metabolic activity was also recorded in GHG emissions. CO2 equivalents per hectare were 1745 kg for OF-MSW and it was the only significant difference found. PEL with 1598 kg and SMC with 1591 kg were not different from the Control (1104 kg). Even though GHG emissions in the soil increased because of the application, soil organic matter content increased significantly (at least 35% more in all organic treatments compared to control) and this rise in organic matter was consistent over the years. According to the results, 85% of the sequences corresponded to 5 main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, with unclassified material making up for 10.9% (average) of the sequences. Bacterial diversity by Shannon and Chao1 indices was not affected 15 days after the application. However, slight changes in the bacterial community were recorded 15 days after application only in OF-MSW treatment. Assessing soil quality using these three factors allows the relevant agronomical capabilities of the soil to be integrated with the potential effect of this practise on global warming. |
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| Keywords: | GHG emissions Soil enzymes Bacterial diversity 16S rRNA gene Organic amendments |
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