Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia in uncontaminated and heavy metal contaminated soils |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design – FEC Sanitation and Environment Dept. – DSA, State University of Campinas – Unicamp, P. O. Box 6143, 13083-889 Campinas (SP) Brazil;2. Agronomy Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco 52171-920, Brazil;3. Deputy Vice-Chancellor''s Office (Research and Innovation), University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia;4. Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia;5. KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 76, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France;2. Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, UP-EGEAL 2012.10.101, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, Beauvais Cedex, France;3. Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France;4. Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia;5. Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France;6. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa ON K1A 0C6, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas. |
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| Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Environmental interactions Heavy metal pollution Phytoremediation |
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