承德地区沙尘天气的气候成因分析

基于1991-2010年承德地区9个气象站的气象数据采用统计分析和相关分析的方法,将承德地区沙尘天气(包括浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴)的年、季特征与气候因子(包括降水量、气温、风速以及大风日数)作了详细的相关分析。结果表明:降水量增多可以在一定程度上抑制沙尘天气的发生频次。在温度偏高、降水量偏少、风速较大且大风日数较多的年份和月份,沙尘天气较多。风要素是影响沙尘天气的最为直接且最优的相关因子,风速的大小、大风日数的增减直接关系到沙尘天气频数的变化。从整体上看该地区气候因子对沙尘天气的相关性影响从强到弱依次是大风日数、风速、降水量和气温。因此沙尘天气的短期预测要抓住本地的敏感气候因子。

The climatic factor analysis of sand dust weathers in Chengde area

Based on meteorological data from 9 meteorological stations in Chengde from 1991 to 2010,we made the detailed annual and seasonal characteristic correlation analysis between the sand dust weathers(floating dust,blowing sand and sand storm) and climatic factors(precipitation,temperature,wind speed and gale days) in Chengde by using statistical analysis and correlation analysis methods.The results show that the increasing of precipitation can be suppressed the frequency of sand dust weathers to some extent.In the years or the months with higher temperature,lower precipitation,bigger wind speed and more gale days,the more sand dust weathers happened.Wind is the most direct and relevant factor of sand dust weathers,the wind speed and gale days directly relate to the frequency changes of sand dust weathers.On the whole,the impacting ability of climatic factors on sand dust weathers from strong to weak is gale days> wind speed> precipitation > temperature.