海南油茶不育株花器发育生物学特性及解剖学观察

从解剖学、细胞生物学及遗传学角度对海南油茶不育株花器发育过程导致不育的原因进行研究。以海南油茶正常株和不育株为实验材料,对其花芽发育过程外部形态特性进行阶段性比较观察,并应用花粉原位萌发技术检测其花粉萌发及花粉管发育差异;应用石蜡切片法对花芽分化过程中雌雄蕊进行解剖学观察,分析雌雄蕊发育时期与其花芽外部形态的相关性。结果表明：不育花与正常花外部形态上并无明显差异,但不育株开花后子房即脱落,表明没有正常授精,不育株柱头授粉后花粉粒不萌发,花粉管并不伸长;从雌雄蕊石蜡切片可以看出,不育株花器发育失常,其花药的绒毡层降解异常,无法形成成熟花粉粒,而在其胚珠发育过程中不育株未能形成成熟胚囊,导致空心胚珠。

Developmental Anatomy of Flower Apparatus of Male Sterile Plant of Camellia vietnamensis

The flowering sterility of Camellia vietnamensis is common in Hainan, which would seriously affect the production level of Camellia oil. In this study, the normal and sterile plants of C. vietnamensis in Hainan were used as the experimental materials, the external morphological characteristics of flower bud development were compared and observed, and the differences of pollen germination and pollen tube development were detected by the pollen in situ germination technique. The paraffin section method was used to observe the pistil and stamen during flower bud differentiation, and the correlation between the period of pistil and stamen development and the external morphology of flower bud was analyzed. In this study, the causes of sterility caused by flower organ development of C. vietnamensis in Hainan were analyzed in developmental biology, reproductive genetics and cell anatomy. There was no significant difference in the external morphology between the sterile flower and the normal flower, but the ovary of the sterile plant fell off after flowering, indicating that there was no normal insemination, the pollen grain did not germinate and the pollen tube did not elongate after stigma pollination. From the paraffin sections of pistil and stamen, it could be seen that the flower organ of the male sterile plant was abnormal, the tapetum of the anther was abnormally degraded and could not form mature pollen grains, but the sterile plant failed to form a mature embryo sac in the process of ovule development, resulting in hollow ovules.