紫云英地方种质资源品种比较试验

对10个紫云英地方品种之间的经济性状、物侯期及抗性进行研究,以期正确评价各地方品种的特性,筛选适宜福建地区栽培的紫云英地方品种,为今后新品种选育做基础。结果表明：‘信阳种’、‘大悟种’、‘湘乡种’和‘光泽种’在福建表现为早熟,早熟品种盛花期鲜草产量平均为44 225.59 kg/hm ²,低于中、迟熟品种。‘大悟种’鲜草产量和种子产量均较高,分别达48 015.75、342.04 kg/hm ²,且抗寒性和抗病性强,可作为优良的早熟品种。此外,中、迟熟品种地上鲜草产量平均达52 600.43 kg/hm ²,从高到低依次为：‘余江大叶’>‘南桥种’>‘升钟种’>‘金沙种’>‘常德种’>‘弋江籽’。鲜草产量高的品种其株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶周长等参数值一般比较大;叶面积和叶周长呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,但SPAD值（叶绿素）与叶面积、叶周长未有明显的相关性。中、迟熟品种中‘升钟种’、‘余江大叶’和‘金沙种’植株的抗寒抗病能力较高,氮、磷、钾含量较高,氮2.85%~3.00%,磷0.31%~0.34%,钾3.11%~3.85%,成熟期时每荚粒数、千粒重、种子产量也都较高,分别达7.34~7.85粒、3.35~3.42 g、333.01~346.52 kg/hm ²。以高产、优质、抗性强等综合良性状为选育目标,‘升钟种’、‘余江大叶’和‘金沙种’这3个中、迟熟品种在福建的适应性较好,可作为今后扩繁品种或新品种选育的材料。

Comparative Study on Local Cultivars of Astragalus sinicus L.

A field trial was conducted to select the milk vetch varieties suitable for Fujian and breed new varities by comparing the economic characteristics, phenological period and resistance of ten local Chinese milk vetch cultivars.The results indicated that Xinyang, Dawu, Xiangxiang and Glossy species were early manuring milk vetch cultivars grown in Fujian, and the fresh grass yield of the varieties was 44 225.59 kg/hm ², which was lower than that of medium and late maturing varieties. The fresh grass yield and seed yield of Dawu were higher, reaching 48 015.75 and 342.04 kg/hm ², respectively, and it was cold-resistant and disease-resistant, so it could be used as an excellent early-maturing variety. In addition, the average yield of the medium and late maturing varieties was 52 600.43 kg/hm ². In terms of the grass yield, different varieties followed the orders of Yujiang Daye>Nanqiao species>Shengzhong species>Jinsha species>Changde species>Yijiang Species.Moreover, higher plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf circumference, and the fresh grass yield were generally observed. Additionally, leaf area and leaf circumference were significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation, but no significant correlation existed between leaf area, leaf circumference and chlorophyll SPAD value. The medium and late-maturing varieties including Zhongshengzhong, Yujiang big leaf and Jinsha species had stronger cold resistance and disease resistance, higher nitrogen (2.85%-3.00%), phosphorus (0.31%- 0.34%) and potassium (3.11%-3.85%) contents than those of the other varieties. At the maturity stage, the medium and late-maturing varieties had higher seed number (7.34-7.85) per pods, 1000-grain weight (3.35-3.42 g), and seed yield (333.01-346.52 kg/hm ²) were also observed. In general, the three medium- and late-maturing varieties of Shengzhong, Yujiang and Yesha species exhibit excellent characters as green manure in Fujian, and thus can be used as the propagation of improved varieties and breeding materials.