青藏高原地区农村居民点空间演化特征及驱动力研究

青藏高原作为中国重要的生态保护地，研究青藏高原地区的农村居民点空间演化及驱动因素，对生态系统的维护有重要意义。本研究采用GIS空间分析方法和景观格局指数，探究了1980—2015年青藏高原地区农村居民点用地的空间演化特征及其驱动因素。研究发现：1）青藏高原农村居民点用地总体上呈扩张趋势，新增农村居民点用地主要来源于对耕地、草地和未利用地的占用；2）研究期内，农村居民点斑块形状逐渐趋于不规则，斑块破碎度降低，连续性增强；3）农村居民点集聚特征明显，分别在青海省东部和南部以及西藏南部形成了高值集聚的中心；4）农村居民点的布局主要受高程和坡度的约束，同时受到了社会经济因素的影响，交通和城镇的发展是影响青藏高原地区农村居民点布局的重要因素。因此，在青藏高原乡村发展过程中，应注意合理规划农村居民点用地，严格把控生态红线，同时依托政策支持，不断优化乡村职能，完善基础设施建设，从而推动青藏高原地区乡村高质量发展。

The spatial evolution characteristics and driving forces of village and town settlements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an important ecological protection area in China, and the study of the spatial evolution and driving factors of rural settlements in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is of great significance to the maintenance of ecosystem in China. Applying the GIS spatial analysis method and the landscape pattern index, this paper explored the spatial evolution characteristics and driving factors of rural settlements in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1980 to 2015. Results show that: 1) the rural settlement land in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau shows an expanding trend, and the new rural settlement land mainly comes from the occupation of cultivated land, grassland and unused land; 2) during the study period, the patch shape of rural settlement land gradually tends to be irregular, the patch fragmentation decreases, and the continuity increases; 3) the characteristics of rural settlement agglomeration are obvious, and high-value agglomeration centers have been formed in the east and south of Qinghai Province and the south of Tibet respectively; and 4) the layout of rural settlements is mainly constrained by elevation and slope and affected by socio-economic factors. Transportation and urban development are important factors affecting the layout of rural settlements in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Therefore, duing the process of rural development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper suggests paying more attention to rationally planning rural residential land use, strictly controlling the ecological red line, relying on policy support to continuously optimize rural functions, and improving infrastructure construction to promote high-quality rural development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.