河口水域鱼类生境质量评价方法研究进展

河口水域是鱼类重要的栖息生境, 在渔业资源的可持续发展中占据重要地位。开展河口水域生境质量的评价研究, 对了解河口水域的生境功能现状以及提供科学管理依据具有重要意义。本文对河口水域鱼类生境质量评价的研究方法及应用进展进行综述, 主要集中在 3 个方面: (1)基于鱼类数量分布特征: 通过鱼类的数量分布特征与环境因子之间的相关关系, 探究鱼类物种的适宜生境分布格局; (2)基于鱼类生存表现特征: 筛选鱼类生活史各阶段的生存表现特征指标, 对不同功能类型的生境进行质量评价; (3)基于鱼类的群落结构特征: 通过构建鱼类群落评价指数, 对河口水域鱼类生境质量进行综合评价。对河口水域鱼类生境质量的评价研究有助于深入了解河口渔业生态功能的变化机制, 并可为合理管控河口沿岸的人类活动、研发河口水域生境质量监测预警技术、科学开展河口生境保护和修复工作提供理论依据。

Research progress on evaluation methods of fish habitat quality in estuaries

Estuary is an essential habitat for fish, occupying an important position in the sustainable development of fishery resources. Carrying out evaluation research on estuary habitat quality is of great significance for understanding the status of estuary habitat functions and providing management bases. In this paper, the research methods and application progress of estuarine fish habitat quality assessment are reviewed, mainly focusing on three aspects: (1) based on the quantity distribution characteristics of fish, through the correlation between the quantity distribution characteristics of fish and environmental factors, exploring the suitable habitat distribution pattern of fish species; (2) based on the survival performance characteristics of fish, screening the survival performance characteristics indicators of each stage of fish life history and evaluating the quality of different types of habitats; and (3) based on the community structure characteristics of fish, comprehensive evaluating estuary fish habitat quality by constructing a fish community evaluation index. The evaluation of habitat quality of estuarine fish is helpful for understanding the change mechanism of estuarine fishery ecological function, providing a theoretical basis for the rational control of human activities along estuaries, the development of monitoring and early warning techniques for estuarine habitat quality, and the scientific implementation of estuarine habitat protection and restoration.