5种中草药抑菌作用的研究

目的]研究5种中草药对5种植物病原菌的抑菌效果,为生产高效植物源杀菌剂提供参考。方法]用5种中草药(穿心莲、远志、薄荷、胖大海和贯众)的乙醇提取液(浓度为1 000μg/ml)对5种植物病原菌(油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和番茄灰霉病菌)进行了抑菌试验。结果]5种中草药乙醇提取物对5种植物病原菌均表现出不同程度的抑菌作用,其中穿心莲乙醇提取物的抑菌作用范围最广,对5种植物病原菌抑菌率均超过50%,尤其是对苹果轮纹病菌抑菌作用最强,抑菌率达到了96.96%,抑菌效果最好。远志乙醇提取物对油菜菌核病菌抑菌率达82.37%,对苹果轮纹病菌达66.55%,抑菌效果明显。结论]穿心莲和远志抑菌效果较为明显,用作植物源杀菌剂有进一步的研究价值。

Study on Antifungal Action of 5 kinds of Chinese Medicinal Plants

Objective] The aim to study the antifungal action of 5 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants on 5 kinds of plant pathogen and provide the reference for producing high-effective botanical fungicides.Method] The antifungal activity of 5 alcohol extracts(concn.of 1 000 μg/ml) from 5 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants as Andrographis paniculate,Polyala tenuifolia Willd,Mentha haplocalyx Briq,Sterculia scaphigera Wall,Dryopteris crassirhixoma Nakai were assayed against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Fusarium graminearum,Rhizoctonia cerealis,Botryosphaeria berengriana,Botrytis cinerea in the antifungal test.Result] The alcohol extracts of 5 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants had the antifungal action to different extent against 5 kinds of plant pathogens,in which,the alcohol extract from A.paniculate had the widest spectrum of antifungal action,with the antifungal rates against 5 kinds of plant pathogens of all above 50%,specially it had most antifungal action against B.berengriana,with the antifungal rates of 96.96%,showing that it had best antifungal effect.The alcohol extracts from P.tenuifolia had the antifungal rates against S.sclerotiorum of 82.37% and that against B.berengriana of 66.55%,indicating that it had obvious antifungal effect.Conclusion] A.paniculate and S.sclerotiorum had obvious antifungal effect,which had futher research value of taking as the botanical fungicides.