非正规借贷对我国农业产业发展的支持规模估算

在大力发展现代农业的背景下,发展中国家从事农业产业活动所获取的正规借贷严重匮乏,非正规借贷起着非常重要的作用。基于大样本调查数据,运用主体需求法,分析农业产业经营主体(农户、农村中小企业及组织)从事农业产业活动获取非正规借贷情况,探讨农业产业单位借贷资金的贡献度。结果表明,农业产业非正规借贷融资总量以及占其正规贷款规模比值逐年上升,2012年融资总量已达2万亿元以上,约为其正规贷款的71%,发展速度超过10%;农户非正规借贷量虽占绝大比重,但农业企业非正规贷款比重不断上升;农业产业单位借贷资金对农业产业发展的贡献度在逐年下滑,要想维持农业的稳定增长,农业信贷资金必须有一个更加快速的增加。为进一步提高融资水平,建议政府要规范农业产业非正规借贷发展,充分认识其重要性并采取引导与完善相结合的政策,大力增加以财政资金为拉动力量的信贷资金供给,在信贷资金支持主体方面适当向农村中小企业倾斜。

The size estimation of the informal lending support of agricultural industry in China

With the fast development of agricultural industry, the informal lending plays a very important role in developing countries because of the poor performances of the formal lending agencies in agricultural industry. Based on survey data and applying the method of demand, this paper analyzed the informal lending situations of agricultural industry operators (farmers, the rural small and medium-sized enterprises and organizations) as well as the contribution rate of the borrowing money. Results show that the total amount and the market share of the informal lending have increased annually, and the loan amount reached over 2 trillion yuan and the market share exceeded 70% in 2012 with an over 10% annual growth rate. Although individual farmers are the main borrowers of the informal loan, the small and medium sized enterprises are borrowing more and more money from the informal lending agencies. In addition, this paper also found that the contribution rate of informal lending in agricultural industry has been decreasing in recent years. In order to regulate the informal agricultural lending and to improve the level of financing in agriculture, this paper suggests: 1) to recognize the importance of the informal agricultural lending and formulate some guiding and managing policies; 2) to strengthen financing ability of agricultural industry and use finance funds to incentivize agricultural loans; and 3) to adjust the priority of loans to provide more supports for the small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises.