4个蓝莓品种果实发育期叶片矿质营养动态及其相关性

【目的】了解不同品种蓝莓树体对矿质元素的吸收规律及差异,并为细化蓝莓施肥管理措施提供参考。【方法】以兔眼蓝莓品种‘巨蓝’和‘灿烂’及南高丛蓝莓品种‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’为试材,果实发育期间定期采取果实附近的叶片,应用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定并分析了叶片大量矿质元素磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)及微量矿质元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、硼(B)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量动态及其相关性。【结果】4月22日—7月21日,4个品种叶片K和Cu含量整体呈下降趋势,Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和B含量整体呈上升趋势,但‘巨蓝’的Ca、Fe、Mn含量在7月21日未出现上升;‘灿烂’‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’P含量均在7月21日出现明显回升,而‘巨蓝’P含量持续下降;Zn含量除‘薄雾’变幅较小外,其他3个品种Zn含量呈现"下降—回升"的变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明,K含量与B含量间呈显著负相关,而Ca含量与P、Mg、Fe、Mn、B含量间,P含量与Mg含量间,Mg含量与Fe、Zn、B、Mn含量间,Fe含量与Mn、B含量间,以及Mn含量与B含量间均呈显著正相关。【结论】除‘巨蓝’Mg含量相对不足外,4个品种叶片各元素含量均较充足。结合土壤理化性质可知,施肥时应注意增施有机肥,‘巨蓝’品种还应增施Mg肥。

Dynamics of mineral nutrients in leaves of four Vaccinium spp.cultivars during fruit development period and their correlations

【Objective】To understand absorption regular patterns and differences of mineral elements in trees of different Vaccinium spp.cultivars,and to provide some references for detailed fertilization management measures of V.spp.trees.【Method】Two rabbit-eye blueberry(V.ashei)cultivars(‘Plolific’and‘Brightwell’),and two Southern High blueberry(V.corymbosum)cultivars(‘Misty’and‘O’Neal’)were used as tested objects,and some leaves near fruits during fruit development were periodically collected as tested materials.Using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer,dynamics of macroelements(P,K,Ca and Mg)and microelements(Fe,Mn,B,Zn and Cu)contents in leaves and their correlations were determined and analyzed.【Result】From April 22 to July 21,K and Cu contents in leaves of four cultivars were decreased as a whole,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn and B contents showed increasing trends,while Ca,Fe,and Mn contents in‘Plolific’leaves had no rising on July 21.On July 21,P contents in leaves of‘Brightwell’,‘Misty’and‘O’Neal’were increased significantly,but that in‘Plolific’leaves showed a continued downward trend.Zn content in‘Misty’leaves changed little,while those showed change trends of first decreased and then rebounded in the other three cultivars.The results of correlation analysis showed that,there is a significant negative correlation between K content and B content,whereas Ca content has significantly positive correlations with contents of P,Mg,Fe,Mn and B,P content has a significantly positive correlation with Mg content,Mg content has significantly positive correlations with contents of Fe,Zn,B and Mn,Fe content has significantly positive correlations with contents of Mn and B,Mn content has a significantly positive correlation with B content.【Conclusion】Except Mg content in‘Plolific’leaves,element contents are sufficient in leaves of four cultivars.According to physical and chemical properties of soil,attention should be paid to increasing organic fertilizer in applying fertilizer.In addition,Mg fertilizer should also be applied to‘Plolific’cultivar.