不同化学疏花剂对桃坐果率和果实品质的影响

【目的】筛选适宜的桃化学疏花剂及其浓度,探究不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂对桃坐果率及果实品质的影响。【方法】以3年生晚熟桃’秋甜’为试验对象,于盛花期喷施不同浓度的NAA、6-BA、石硫合剂3种化学疏花剂,以喷清水和自然坐果分别为对照,在果实采收时调查不同处理的坐果率和果实品质,研究不同处理对桃坐果率和果实品质的影响。调查的果实品质指标包括平均单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量等。【结果】与对照相比,喷施不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂,’秋甜’桃坐果率均明显下降,且与NAA、6-BA、石硫合剂浓度呈负相关,即随其浓度的增加,坐果率明显下降。从保证产量和疏花疏果效果方面综合考虑,盛花期喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA或相对密度1.001 4 g/cm^3的石硫合剂效果较好,坐果率分别为24.04%、27.95%、26.63%。与对照相比,喷施不同种类和浓度的化学疏花剂均明显提高了平均单果质量。其中,以喷施相对密度1.002 8 g/cm^3的石硫合剂、20 mg/L的NAA、0.2 g/L的6-BA的平均单果质量较高,分别为388.54、384.56、380.12 g,且与其他处理差异显著。各处理均提高了可溶性糖含量,喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA或相对密度1.002 1 g/cm3的石硫合剂显著提高了可溶性固形物含量。喷施20、30 mg/L NAA或0.1、0.2 g/L 6-BA提高了可滴定酸含量。【结论】盛花期喷施20 mg/L NAA、0.2 g/L 6-BA对’秋甜’桃有较好的疏花效果,并且能提高果实品质。

Effects of different chemical flower thinning agents on fruit setting rate and fruit quality in peach

【Objective】In order to select some chemical flower thinning agents and their suitable concentrations,effects of different kinds and concentrations of chemical flower thinning agents on fruit setting rate and fruit quality in peach were studied.【Method】Three-year-old late-maturing peach‘Qiutian’was used as test materials.NAA,6-BA and lime-sulfur at different concentrations were sprayed at flowering period.Spraying water treatment and natural fruit setting treatment were used as the control,respectively.During harvesting fruit,fruit setting rate and fruit quality in different treatments were investigated,and effects of different treatments on fruit setting rate and fruit quality were studied.Investigated fruit quality indexes concluded average single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,soluble solids content,soluble sugar content,titratable acid content,and so on.【Result】Compared with the control,fruit setting rate of‘Qiutian’is decreased significantly,after spraying different kinds and concentrations of chemical flower thinning agents,and it is negatively correlated with concentrations of NAA,6-BA and lime-sulfur.With increase of concentration,fruit setting rate is decreased significantly.Comprehensive consideration on ensuring yield and fruit thinning effect,spraying NAA(20 mg/L),6-BA(0.2 g/L)or lime-sulfur(relative density 1.0014 g/cm3)at flowering period have better effect,and fruit setting rates are 24.04%,27.95%and 26.63%,respectively.Compared with the control,spraying different kinds and concentrations of chemical flower thinning agents can significantly increase average single fruit mass.In spraying treatments of lime-sulfur(relative density 1.0028 g/cm3),NAA(20 mg/L),6-BA(0.2 g/L),average single fruit mass is higher,which is 388.54,384.56,380.12 g and significantly different from that in other treatments.Soluble sugar content is increased by each treatment.Soluble solids content is increased by spraying NAA(20 mg/L),6-BA(0.2 g/L)or lime-sulfur(relative density 1.0021 g/cm3),and titratable acid content is increased by spraying 20,30 mg/L NAA or 0.1,0.2 g/L 6-BA.【Conclusion】Spraying 20 mg/L NAA or 0.2 g/L 6-BA at flowering period has better effects on flower thinning in‘Qiutian’peach,and can improve fruit quality.