安宁河流域免耕覆盖对稻田土壤性状及作物产量的影响研究

目的]探索免耕覆盖在四川省西昌市主要轮作方式中的技术措施及其对土壤性状和作物产量的影响。方法]2008年开始在西昌市小庙乡进行水稻-小麦轮作免耕覆盖的长期定位试验,共设置7个处理,选择其中有代表性的3个处理（①翻耕并将秸秆带离本田;③秸秆翻耕入土;⑤免耕秸秆覆盖还田）定期测定土壤养分含量、土壤含水量、土壤温度等,并对各处理水稻产量进行比较。结果]处理⑤土壤有机质含量分别较处理①、③提高了6.81%和0.93%,土壤全氮含量分别较处理①、③提高了6.66%和2.67%,全磷和全钾含量分别较处理①提高了5.26%和8.34%;处理⑤土壤含水量较高,表土温度较低,水稻产量较高。结论]免耕覆盖可提高土壤养分含量,调控土壤温度,增加土壤含水量,提高作物产量。

Study on the Influences of No-tillage Coverage on Soil Properties and Crop Yield of Paddy Field in Arming River Basin

Objective] The purpose of the research was to explore the technical measures of no-tillage coverage in major crop rotation approaches of Xichang City in Sichuan Province and its influences on soil properties and crop yield.Method] The long term experiment on no-tillage coverage in rice-wheat crop rotation was began in Xiaomiao country of Xichang City in 2008.There were 7 treatments arranged in this experiment totally and 3 representative treatments(①plowing and taking straw away;③plowing and burying straw in the field;⑤no-tillage and returning straw to field by coverage) were selected for periodically soil nutrient content,soil water content,soil temperature and so on,and then the rice yields of various treatments were compared.Result] Compared with treatment ① and ③,the organic matter content and total nitrogen content in soil of treatment ⑤ were increased by 6.81% and 0.93%,6.66% and 2.67% resp.;compared with treatment ①,its whole phosphorous content and whole potassium content were increased by 5.26% and 8.34% resp.;its soil water content was higher,its superficial soil temperature was lower and its rice yield was higher.Conclusion] No-tillage coverage could enhance soil nutrient content,regulate soil temperature,increase soil water content and enhance crop yield.