几种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草的防除效果及其安全性评价

为明确几种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草的防除效果及其安全性, 采用土壤处理和茎叶喷雾处理的方法, 开展了5种土壤处理除草剂和13种茎叶喷雾处理除草剂在推荐剂量下防治百合田杂草的田间药效试验和对兰州百合的安全性评价。土壤处理试验结果表明:药后60 d, 5种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草具有较好的防除效果, 且对兰州百合安全。对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达83.23%和89.15%以上, 对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为87.28%和89.58%以上。其中, 50%异丙隆WP 1 350 g/hm2(有效成分用量, 下同)和240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC 180 g/hm2的防效最好, 表现出很好的除草活性。茎叶喷雾试验结果表明:15%硝磺草酮OD 150 g/hm2、30%苯唑草酮SE 27 g/hm2、15%噻吩磺隆WP 33.75 g/hm2、56%2甲4氯钠SPX 840 g/hm2、24%氨氯吡啶酸AS 108 g/hm2、30%二氯吡啶酸AS 180 g/hm2和30%氨氯·二氯吡啶酸AS 150 g/hm2喷雾处理, 药后45 d, 这7种除草剂对兰州百合田阔叶杂草具较好的防除效果且对兰州百合安全, 株防效在77.99%～93.48%, 鲜重防效在81.62%～95.05%, 但对禾本科杂草基本无效。70%嗪草酮WP 735 g/hm2能有效防除兰州百合田杂草且对兰州百合安全性高, 对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为96.95%和99.52%, 对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为91.81%和95.21%。研究结果可为兰州百合田除草剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。

Control efficacies of several herbicides to weeds and their safety evaluation in Lanzhou lily fields

Control efficacies of several herbicides against weeds were investigated and their safety to Lanzhou lily was evaluated in field. The efficacies of five herbicides at the recommended dosages were carried out by soil treatment in Lanzhou lily field, and those of thirteen herbicides at the recommended dosages were carried out by spray treatment on stems and leaves. The results showed that the five soil-treated herbicides were safe to crops at the recommended dosage, the plant and fresh weight control efficacies on broadleaf weeds were over 83.23% and 89.15% 60 days after treatment, respectively, and those on gramineae weeds were over 87.28% and 89.58%, respectively. Among the five soil-treated herbicides, the efficacies of isoproturon 50% WP (1 350 g/hm2) and oxyfluorfen standard 240 g/L EC(180 g/hm2) were the best. The spray treatment trails showed that mesotrione 15% OD (150 g/hm2), topramezone 30% SE(27 g/hm2), thifensulfuron-methyl 15%WP (33.75 g/hm2), MCPA-sodium 56% SPX (840 g/hm2), picloram 24% AS (108 g/hm2), clopyralid 30% AS (180 g/hm2) and picloram clopyralid 30% AS (150 g/hm2) were safe to crops and had good control effect on broadleaf weeds in Lanzhou lily field at the recommended dosage. The plant control efficacies were between 77.99% and 93.48%, and the fresh weight control effects were between 81.62% and 95.05% 45 days after treatment, respectively, but no effect on gramineae weeds. Metribuzin 70% WP (735 g/hm2) was better than the above seven herbicides, with the plant and fresh weight control efficacies of 96.95% and 99.52% on broadleaf weeds, and 91.81% and 95.21% on gramineae weeds, respectively. The results could provide scientific basis on selecting and applying effective herbicides for weeds control in Lanzhou lily field.