拮抗菌P1、P5对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑制作用及其抗真菌谱的测定

从葡萄果穗附生微生物区系分离获得的拮抗细菌P1、P5，对葡萄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)具有很强的拮抗作用。通过对其抑菌效果、机制和抗真菌谱进行测定，结果表明，P1、P5和葡萄灰霉病菌对峙培养5 d后，均产生明显的抑菌带，抑菌带宽度为6.90～9.67 mm，培养10 d后，仍然保持稳定的抑菌效果；P1、P5的发酵原液对葡萄灰霉病菌孢子萌发具有显著的抑制作用，抑制率为97.51%～98.12%；P1、P5对病菌的作用机制表现为使病菌菌丝畸形、原生质浓缩、菌丝断裂、抑制病菌分生孢子的萌发、导致孢子芽管扭曲。对峙培养表明，P1、P5均具有较广的抗真菌谱，对10种供试病原真菌的菌丝生长抑制率都在50%以上。

Inhibitory effects of the antagonistic bacterial strains P1 and P5 to Botrytis cinerea on grapes and its antifungal spectrum

The antagonistic bacterial strains P1 and P5 isolated from the microflora of grape strongly inhibited Botrytis cinerea on grapes. The bacteriostatic effects, action mechanisms and antimicrobial spectrum of the strains were tested. After 5 days of culture, a bacteriostatic belt of 6.9-9.67 mm in width was observed on the culture plate, and the inhibitory activity maintained for 10 d. Prefiltration fermentation of the strains P1 and P5 could significantly inhibit conidial germination of the pathogen, with inhibitive rate ranging from 97.51% to 98.12%. The action might be realized by inducing hyphal deformity, bioplasm concentration, conidial germination inhibition and distorting germ tubes of conidia. The results indicated that the strains P1 and P5 had a broad antifungal spectrum, which could inhibit hyphal growth of at least 10 pathogens at the rate of 50%.