基于CVM 的吉林省湿地生物多样性

湿地生态系统作为全球生态系统的重要类型之一,在维持生物多样性方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。为了更好地保护湿地,笔者基于条件价值法(CVM)这一当前国际上比较成熟的生态系统价值评价方法,对吉林省湿地的生物多样性维持服务价值进行定量评价。研究采用实地调研和网络发放结合的方式进行支付意愿问卷调查,共发放支付卡式问卷500份,回收有效问卷491份。结果表明,吉林省湿地2012年人均支付意愿值为120.7元/a,根据全国和吉林省人口总数计算的吉林省湿地生物多样性维持服务价值分别为1005.1亿元和20.8亿元。受访者受教育的程度、收入水平和对湿地生物多样性的关心程度对支付意愿具有显著影响,与平均支付意愿值呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),而性别和年龄对受访者支付意愿没有显著影响。调查方式和距离远近也会对支付值有显著影响(P<0.0001)。为了保护好吉林省的湿地生物多样性,政府应该加大宣传力度,提高公众的环保意识。研究结果将使湿地保护和开发的价值对比成为可能,对于制定合理的区域生态保护和经济开发决策、保护和恢复湿地生态系统具有重要意义,为政府相关政策的制定提供理论基础。

Biodiversity Maintenance Value Evaluation of Jilin Wetland Based on Contingent Valuation Method

As one of the most important ecosystem types of the global land surface, wetlands play an increasingly important role in maintaining biodiversity. In order to improve the protection of wetlands, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a worldwide mature method for evaluating the economic value of ecosystem services, was employed and applied to evaluate biodiversity maintenance value in the Jilin wetlands. A total of 500 CVM questionnaires of payment card were sent out by integrating the local and network survey methods, and 491 usable questionnaires were received. The results showed that the willingness to pay (WTP) per capita of Jilin wetlands was 120.7 RMB per year in 2012. According to the total population of China and Jilin Province, the biodiversity maintenance values of Jilin wetlands were 100.51 and 2.08 billion RMB, respectively. The education level, income level and degree of concern for wetland biodiversity were significantly correlated with WTP (P<0.05), while the sex and age had no effects on WTP. The investigation way and distance also significantly affected WTP (P<0.0001). To better protect the biodiversity of Jilin wetlands, government managers should intensify propaganda and enhance the environmental protection consciousness of the public. This study makes it possible to contrast the cost of wetland protection and the value of exploitation, which will help the government and decision makers to make reasonable protection policy. Our results also have important significance in making reasonable decisions for regional ecological protection and economic development, which will be helpful for protecting and restoring wetland ecosystem in the future.