引进马铃薯种质资源在干旱半干旱区的表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价

马铃薯种质资源缺乏,适宜干旱半干旱条件下生长的品种更为紧缺,引进马铃薯种质是丰富种质资源的有效途径。本文采用Shannon-Wiener’s多样性指数及综合得分(F值)对119份从秘鲁国际马铃薯中心引进的马铃薯材料的表型性状(出苗率、株高、茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量和块茎长宽比)进行遗传多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明,参试材料的10个表型性状中生育期遗传多样性最为丰富;茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量、块茎长宽比对马铃薯种质资源表型性状综合值具有显著影响,这些指标可用于旱作条件下对马铃薯种质资源的综合评价;综合得分F值与所测经济性状(单株产量、商品率、干物质)具显著相关性,可作为马铃薯种质资源的主要评价指标;引进材料中CIP393228.67和CIP 385561.124在干旱区,CIP304350.95、CIP392797.22、CIP388615.22在半干旱区分别表现出较好的丰产稳产特性。这些材料综合评价较好,可有效补充中国马铃薯种质资源。

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Assessment of Phenotypic Traits in Introduced Potato Germplasm Resources in Arid and Semi-arid Area

In China, potato is a kind of foreign crop lacking germplasm resource，especially the varieties grown in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, it is an effective way to rich the germplasm resource by introducing potatoes abroad. In this study, the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and comprehensive score (F-value) were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 119 introduced potato clones from Peru International Potato Center about 10 phenotypic traits (emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, growth period, tuber number per plant, yield per plant, commodity rate, dry matter content and tuber length-width ratio). The genetic diversity of growth period was the most abundant among these phenotypic traits in 119 potato clones. Stem diameter, leaf area, growing period, tuber number per plant, yield per plant, commodity rate, dry matter content and tuber length-width ratio had significant effects on comprehensive value of phenotypic traits, and could be used to evaluate the potato germplasm resources on the drought farming. The F-value was significantly correlated with the economic characters (yield per plant, commodity rate and dry matter content), which can be used as the main evaluation index of potato germplasm resources. CIP393228.67 and CIP385561.124 in arid area and CIP304350.95, CIP392797.22, and CIP388615.22 in semi-arid area showed high and stable yield characteristics. These 119 introduced potato clones are rich in genetic diversity with good comprehensive evaluation, they could effectively complement potato germplasm resources and be beneficial to potato breeding in China.