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Natural enemies of the South American moth, Tuta absoluta, in Europe, North Africa and Middle East, and their potential use in pest control strategies
Authors:Lucia Zappalà  Antonio Biondi  Alberto Alma  Ibrahim J. Al-Jboory  Judit Arnò  Ahmet Bayram  Anaïs Chailleux  Ashraf El-Arnaouty  Dan Gerling  Yamina Guenaoui  Liora Shaltiel-Harpaz  Gaetano Siscaro  Menelaos Stavrinides  Luciana Tavella  Rosa Vercher Aznar  Alberto Urbaneja  Nicolas Desneux
Affiliation:1. Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
2. French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), 400 Route des Chappes, 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France
3. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
4. Department of Plant Protections, University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib, Iraq
5. Department of Entomology, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km.2, 08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
6. Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
7. Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
8. Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
9. Department of Agronomy, University Ibn Badis of Mostaganem, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria
10. Northern R&D, Migal–Galilee Research Institute, P.O.B. 831, 11016, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
11. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Arch. Kyprianos 30, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
12. Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 40622, Valencia, Spain
13. Departamento de Entomología, Centro de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
Abstract:
The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an invasive Neotropical pest. After its first detection in Europe, it rapidly invaded more than 30 Western Palaearctic countries becoming a serious agricultural threat to tomato production in both protected and open-field crops. Among the pest control tactics against exotic pests, biological control using indigenous natural enemies is one of the most promising. Here, available data on the Afro-Eurasian natural enemies of T. absoluta are compiled. Then, their potential for inclusion in sustainable pest control packages is discussed providing relevant examples. Collections were conducted in 12 countries, both in open-field and protected susceptible crops, as well as in wild flora and/or using infested sentinel plants. More than 70 arthropod species, 20 % predators and 80 % parasitoids, were recorded attacking the new pest so far. Among the recovered indigenous natural enemies, only few parasitoid species, namely, some eulophid and braconid wasps, and especially mirid predators, have promising potential to be included in effective and environmentally friendly management strategies for the pest in the newly invaded areas. Finally, a brief outlook of the future research and applications of indigenous T. absoluta biological control agents are provided.
Keywords:
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