国际林木抗病育种的基本经验

文章概述了近４０年来国际林木抗病育种研究的经验。突出地介绍了作为抗病性育种主体的寄主和病原菌两个对立系的遗传和变异。认为从现有林分中选择高抗性个体是当前行之有效的抗病育种途径，而制定快速、有效和大批量人工接种鉴定入选个体抗性的方法又是抗病育种的中心。建议强化我国林木抗病育种的研究，以为发展集约人工林服务。

The World Experience in Breeding ofDisease-resistant Tree Species

Abstract This paper clarifies the world experience in breeding of disease-resistant treespecies. The genetics and variation of hosts and pathogene as the two opposites of disease-re-sistant breeding are discussed in the following aspects: disease-resistant variation of similarspecies from the same genus, of different clones, different families, different provenancesfrom the same species; the changes in physiologieal races, existing widely in pathogens, caused by genetic variation of hosts; the difference between disease resistant individuals anddisease-sensitive individuals, their morphological and anatomical features, physiological andbio-chemical features, and changes caused by the attack of pathogens. The author deemes itan effective way of breeding to select the high disease resistant individuals from existing for-est stands, and the central issue of breeding to work out rapid, efficient and mass processingmethods for selected individuals. The author suggests to strengthen the research on breedingof disease-resistant tree species, to arrange the research as a basic research project of nationalsignificance. The project should be carried out in a way of multi-disciplinary cooperation, theselection method should be combined with cross breeding, the conventional methods shouldbe put first, and some manpower should be arranged to study the transgenosis techniques.