土壤酶学硏究进展

土壤酶学是研究土壤酶活性及其相关特性的科学,是一门介于土壤生物学和生物化学之间的边缘交叉学科。土壤酶在土壤生态系统的物质循环和能量流动方面具有主要的作用。本文综述了土壤酶学发展简史、土壤酶的来源、分类、功能及分布特征等,总结了土壤理化性质、施肥、放牧、土壤微生物、施用稀土元素、草地生长年限、不同土地利用和耕作方式及其他因素对土壤酶活性的影响,对于加深理解生态系统中的物质循环、土壤酶的生态重要性以及土壤生态系统退化机理有重要作用。最后,结合本项目组的研究对土壤酶学的研究前景进行了展望。

Review: Progress of Soil Enzymology

Soil enzymology, as an interdiscipline between soil biology and biochemistry, aims at studying soil enzyme activities and their associated properties. Soil enzymes play major roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow in soil ecosystem. This paper reviewed the development history of soil enzymology, the sources, classifications, functions and distributions of soil enzymes, etc. and summarized the effects of soil physical and chemical properties, fertilization, grazing, soil microorganisms, rare earth elements, grass growth ages, land use types and other factors on soil enzyme activities. In the end, it prospected the future studies in soil enzymology with the combination of our research progresses in soil enzymes. This paper is useful in deepening the understanding of material cycles in ecosystems, the ecological importance of enzymes, and the degradation mechanism of soil ecosystem.