甘肃冬小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其品质现状分析

对近年来甘肃冬麦区新育成和引进的72份冬小麦新品种(系)的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)进行了检测和品质评价。结果表明:HMW-GS的组成中,Glu-A1位点的3种亚基类型(Null、1、2~*)均有分布;Glu-B1位点主要存在5种亚基类型/组合,即7+8、7+9、6+8、13+16、20x+20y;Glu-D1位点存在Null、 2+12、5+10三种亚基类型/组合;其中,优质亚基/组合1、2~*、13+16、5+10出现的频率分别为70.83%、2.78%、1.39%和33.33%。近年来甘肃冬小麦品质改良育种工作成效显著,1和7+8优质亚基频率明显提高,49个新品种(系)以1/7+8/2+12亚基组合类型为主,占44.90%;1/7+8/5+10优质亚基组合类型在新品种(系)中较少(12.24%)。因此,进一步将14+15,13+16和5+10等优质亚基导入甘肃冬麦区主栽品种,培育优质小麦新品种(系)对甘肃陇东地区小麦品质改良具有重要意义。

The composition of high\|molecular\|weight glutenin subunits in Gansu winter wheats and analysis of their quality status

High\|molecular\|weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS)is closely related to the processing quality of wheat flour. In this study, HMW-GS compositions of 72 varieties (lines) in Gansu were investigated and the quality of them was also evaluated. The results showed that these wheat varieties (lines) had three types of HMW-GS at the Glu-A1 locus, namely, Null, 1, and 2^*. There were five types of HMW-GS at the Glu-B1 locus: 7+8, 7+9, 6+8, 13+16,and 20x+20y. At the Glu-D1 locus, three types of HMW-GS existed. They were Null, 2+12 and 5+10. The frequency of HMW-GS 1, 2^*, 13+16, and 5+10 was 70.83%, 2.78%, 1.39% and 33.33%, respectively. In recent years, the improvement of Null and 7+9 subunits composition at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci in Gansu winter wheat breeding is remarkable. The frequency of good processing quality subunits of 1 and 7+8 were obviously increased. The combination of 1/7+8/2+12 was the major type in new wheat varieties (lines), which accounted for 44.90%. The percentage of new varieties (lines) with high quality subunit combination of 1/7+8/5+10 was low, accounting for only 12.24%. Therefore, introducing good quality subunits, such as 14+15 and 13+16 at Glu-B1 locus and 5+10 at Glu-D1 locus into Gansu winter varieties was highly desirable. It is also important for bread quality improvement and release of new wheat varieties in wheat production areasin east of Gansu.