遥感数据分析林区的植被和土壤侵蚀特征

以大兴安岭根河林业局潮查林场为试验区,选择合适时间和空间分辨率的卫星遥感TM数据,从中提取植被类型等有关特征及其空间分布等信息,并将有关的信息转化为通用水土流失方程(USLE)中的地面覆盖因子,计算试验区的土壤侵蚀量,进行侵蚀强度区分,生成土壤侵蚀强度图.结果表明:试验区的水土流失主要受坡度的影响.土壤侵蚀强度图与林相图进行空间叠加分析,获得土壤侵蚀严重的小班分布,从而为试验区的水土保持和流域管理提供依据.

Analysis of Vegetation and Soil Erosion for Forest Areas Using Remote Sensing Data

Vegetation coverage plays an important role in decreasing soil loss, protecting environment and improving the standard of living. Therefore. it is very necessary to dynamically estimate the soil erosion in forest areas for guiding the environment protection activities. As the main information resources, remote sensing data can be applied widely for soil erosion estimation. In this paper, the main study focus on the methods of extracting landuse types by using remote sensing data, and estimating soil erosion using revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), for Chaocha forest area, Genhe Forestry Bureau of Inner Mongolia. Firstly, the land-use map of the site area was obtained using TM image. Secondly, slope map was created from digital elevation model(DEM). Thirdly, the flow accumulation for the site was calculated using DEM data with ArcVeiw software, and then compute the slope length_slope factor and average soil loss. Finally, based on the soil erosion intensity classification, soil erosion intensity map was obtained. The soil erosion and its spatial distribution were quantitatively analysed. The result shows that under present conditions, about 90% of the land in the site area was classified as stable, while 10 percent was at the level of high erosion or greater. The main deciding factor in this area was slope.