陕西省子洲县黄土洼不同植被表层黄土入渗特性

[目的]揭示陕西省子洲县黄土洼不同植被表层黄土的水分涵养功能,为该区水土保持措施的科学配置提供科学依据。[方法]采用野外双环入渗试验和室内土壤粒度分析相结合的方法,研究黄土洼不同植被土壤入渗特性及其影响因素。[结果]研究区内平坦草地、斜坡草地、枣树林地和杏树林地的稳定入渗率分别为1.91,1.54,1.47和1.56 mm/min,淤积玉米地从上游的A样地(淤积玉米样地)到下游的F样地(淤积玉米样地)稳定入渗率总体变小,变化在0.69～1.1 mm/min之间,草地和林地比淤积玉米地的入渗率大。利用入渗经验公式进行拟合,拟合效果最好的为考斯加可夫模型,霍顿模型和经验通用公式拟合效果一般。[结论]研究区黄土层上不同植被表层土壤入渗率均高于淤积玉米样地,而在淤积玉米地内从上游到下游入渗率也在逐渐变小。

Infiltration Characteristics of Soil Under Different Vegetation in Huangtuwa, Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province

[Objective] The water conservation function of loess in different vegetation in the Loess depression of Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province was investigated in order to provide scientific basis for the allocation of soil and water conservation measure in this area.[Methods] This paper systematically studied the soil infiltration characteristics and its influencing factors under different vegetation of Loess Plateau, by using the field double-ring infiltration experiment and indoor soil particle size analysis.[Results] The stable infiltration rates of flat grassland, slope grassland, jujube forest land and apricot forest land in the study area were 1.91, 1.54, 1.47 and 1.56 mm/min, respectively. The stable infiltration rate of the silted corn plot from the upstream(sample plot A) to the downstream(sample plot F) plot was generally getting smaller, with a variation between 0.69 and 1.1 mm/min. Grassland and woodland had greater infiltration rates than silt corn plot. Fitting by the infiltration experience formula, the best fitting effect was the Kostiakov model, and the fitting effect of Horton model and the empirical general formula was general.[Conclusion] The soil infiltration rate of loess layer under different vegetation in the area is higher than that of the silted corn field, and the infiltration rate from the upstream to the downstream in the corn field is also gradually decreasing.