鹞落坪自然保护区土地利用动态格局研究

目的]分析1994—2017年鹞落坪自然保护区土地利用格局变化特征,揭示退耕还林、生态旅游等对保护区土地格局变化的影响,为保护区林地保护与利用提供依据。方法]以1994,2002,2012和2017年4期LandsatTM/ETM~+/OLI遥感影像为数据源,采用监督分类提取研究区土地利用信息,并建立转移矩阵,分析保护区20 a间土地利用格局动态变化及其转移特点。结果] 1994—2017年保护区内土地利用结构发生了较为明显的变化,林地、居民地和园地面积都有不同程度的增加,而耕地显著减少。土地利用类型主要转移方向为耕地转化为园地、林地和居民地,小部分林地转化为居民地。1994—2002年区内林地面积大幅度增加,耕地面积大量减少;2002—2012年居民地呈现出扩张的趋势,园地面积大幅度增加,耕地面积则有所减少;2012—2017年区内土地利用转化量相对较小,居民地、林地以及园地面积小幅度增加,耕地面积相对减少。结论]保护区土地利用格局变化是退耕还林、茶业发展和旅游开发共同作用的结果。退耕还林导致耕地面积减少,林地和园地面积增加;旅游开发导致居民用地面积增加。

Land Use Dynamic Pattern in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve

Objective] The changes of land use pattern in the Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve from 1994 to 2017 were analyzed, and the impacts of returning farmland to forests and ecotourism on the change of land pattern were revealed in order to provide a basis for the protection and utilization of forestland in the nature reserve.Methods] Land use information was extracted from four LandsatTM/ETM⁺/OLI images from the years of 1994, 2002, 2012 and 2017. By use of supervise classification and transition matrix, the dynamic changes of land use pattern and its transfer characteristics in the nature reserve were analyzed during the past 20 years.Results] The results showed that the land use structure in the nature reserve changed dramatically from 1994 to 2017. The forest land, residential areas and gardens increased, while the cultivated land decreased significantly. The main change was that cultivated land converted into gardens and residential areas, and a small part of forest land was transformed into residential areas. From 1994 to 2002, the area of forest land increased greatly, and the cultivated land decreased greatly. From 2002 to 2012, the residential area showed a trend of expansion, the area of garden increased greatly, while the cultivated land decreased. The amount of land use conversion was relatively small during the period from 2012 to 2017, the area of residential land, woodland and garden increased slightly, and the area of cultivated land reduced relatively.Conclusion] The change of land use pattern in the Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve is the result of returning farmland to forests, tea industry and tourism development. Returning farmland to forests has resulted in the reduction of farmland and the increase of forest land, and the tourism development has resulted the increase of residential land.