微生态制剂对重茬甜菜根腐病防控及产质量水平提升的影响

为了揭示不同重茬年限下微生态制剂对病害的防治效果及产质量提升水平,明确适宜内蒙古重茬田微生态制剂的最佳施用量,2015-2017年,在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院开展了微生态制剂不同施用量(0、30、60、90、120kg/hm~2)对不同重茬年限甜菜根腐病防治和产质量提升的研究。结果表明,随重茬年限的增加,重茬年限负效应逐渐增加,造成微生态制剂的防效逐年降低,甜菜的发病率、死株率呈大幅度增加,产质量水平显著降低,年际间以重茬3 a的改善效果最佳,处理间以施用量为90 kg/hm~2和120 kg/hm~2 2个处理较好。重茬3 a施用量30 kg/hm~2、60 kg/hm~2、90 kg/hm~2、120 kg/hm~2分别较0 kg/hm~2甜菜死株率降低7.76%、17.15%、23.18%和32.38%;发病率降低16.97%、41.84%、45.75%和56.09%;产量提高10.12%、12.51%、18.12%和19.19%;产糖量提高11.14%、15.45%、23.74%和25.98%,且各处理间基本达到了显著性差异水平。因此甜菜根腐病的发病率与产质量水平呈极显著负相关关系,说明根腐病是重茬甜菜的主要障碍因子,开展对重茬甜菜根腐病防控研究,对内蒙古甜菜产业持续、稳定发展具有重要意义。

Effect of Microbial Ecological Agents on Control of Root Rot and Improvement of Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet

In order to make clear the effects of microbial ecological agents on control of root rot and improvement of yield and quality of sugar beet,and find the best use amount during year of 2015 to 2017,we studied the effects of different use amounts(0 kg/hm²,30 kg/hm²,60 kg/hm²,90 kg/hm²,120 kg/hm²) of microbial ecological agents on the control of root rot and improvement of yield and quality of sugar beet.The results showed that with the increase of continuous cropping years,the negative effects of continuous cropping increased,the control effects of microbial ecological agents decreased,which caused the obvious increase of root rot disease and death rate,obvious increase of quality and yield.In the experimental years,the effects of microbial ecological agents on continuous cropping system in 3 years were the best,and the amount of 90 kg/hm² and 120 kg/hm² were the best treatments.Taking continuous cropping in 3 years,compared with 0 kg/hm²,the death rate of 30 kg/hm²,60 kg/hm²,90 kg/hm² and 120 kg/hm² decreased by 7.76%,17.15%,23.18% and 32.38%,the incidence of root rot disease decreased by 16.97%,41.84%,45.75% and 56.09%,the yield increased by 10.12%,12.51%,18.12% and 19.19%,the sugar yield increased by 11.14%, 15.45%,23.74% and 25.98%,respectively.And almost,these indexes showed significant difference (P<0.05) . The incidence of root rot disease had very significant negative correlation with the sugar yield and quality,root rot was the main factor which effected the continuous cropping of sugar beet. So the study on the control of root rot is important for sustainable development of sugar beet in Inner Mongolia.