遮阴对冀中南优质强筋小麦形态和品质的影响

选用4个适于冀中南种植的优质强筋小麦进行花后遮阴处理,测定了株高和旗叶形态特征、千粒重以及品质性状,研究不同遮阴条件下这些主要形态特征和品质性状的变化。结果表明:与对照(S0)相比,25%遮阴(S1)增加小麦株高,50%遮阴(S2)株高增幅低于S1,‘藳优2018’甚至低于S0;不同品种旗叶对遮阴处理响应不同,‘师栾02-1’和‘石优20’通过增加叶片长度增加旗叶叶面积,‘藳优5766’叶片厚度降低,‘藳优2018’无显著变化;遮阴造成千粒重降低,蛋白含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量品质指标增加,但是面筋指数下降;遮阴对面团流变学特性影响在品种间存在较大差异,遮阴提高‘石优20’和‘藳优5766’的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸能量和最大拉伸阻力,但是降低‘师栾02-1’的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力,降低‘藳优2018’面团形成时间、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力,却增加拉伸面积。优质强筋小麦品质对遮阴的响应有共同点,但也存在品种间差异,可能是遮阴降低小麦光合速率导致光合产物合成和运输受阻,蛋白含量的相对提高使得不同小麦在遮阴处理中有共性的反应,例如4个小麦品种的蛋白含量和湿面筋含量都增加,同时品种间籽粒的蛋白组成不同,可能是导致粉质参数和拉伸参数存在差异的重要原因。

Shading and Strong Gluten Wheat in Middle-Southern Hebei Province: Effects on Morphology and Quality Characters

To investigate the changes of major morphology and quality characters under shading after anthese, four wheat varieties with strong gluten and suitable for planting in the middle-southern Hebei Province were selected as materials and shading treatments were conducted after anthese. The results indicated that 25% (S1) shading could increase the plant height compared with control (S0), however, the increasing rate of 50% shading (S2) was lower than that of S1, plant height of ‘Gaoyou 2018’ was even lower than that of S0. There were significant differences in the parameters of flag leaf among the wheat varieties with shading treatments, for example the flag leaf area of ‘Shiluan 02-1’ and ‘Shiyou 20’ increased with the length of leaf increasing, the flag leaf thickness of ‘Gaoyou 5766’ reduced, while no change was detected in the flag leaf of ‘Gaoyou 2018’. The change characteristics between varieties were different, shading increased paste development time, stability time, extension energy and max resistance of ‘Shiyou 20’ and ‘Gaoyou 5766’, but decreased the paste development time, stability time, extension area and max resistance of ‘Shiluan 02-1’, decreased the paste development time, stability time and max resistance of ‘Gaoyou 2018’ but increased the extension area. The responses of high-quality strong gluten wheat had something in common, but there was also difference between varieties. Under shading condition, it may be that the low photosynthetic rate of leaves decreases dry matter accumulation and transportation, and the increase of protein content leads to the general response, like the increase of protein and wet gluten content. However, the grain protein components are different among the four wheat varieties, which may be the important reason for the difference on the starch and extensograph paramters.