边界线分析法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系产量的限制因子

本研究旨在分析小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系限制作物产量的关键因子,为该体系的优化提供科学依据。采用农户调研的方式,对河北省曲周县的小麦/西瓜/玉米间作模式展开调查,主要调研内容是小麦和玉米的播种量、养分投入量和产量以及西瓜的养分投入量和产量,应用边界线分析方法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作高产体系的限制因子。结果表明,限制小麦产量的关键因子为小麦播种量,贡献率达17.8%,而养分投入量的贡献率分别为:P₂O₅ 12.5%、K₂O 11.7%、N 8.0%。限制西瓜产量的关键因子为钾肥投入量,贡献率达15.8%,N、P₂O₅的贡献率分别为14.2%和11.8%。限制玉米产量的关键因子为氮肥投入量,贡献率达20.6%,其他因子的贡献率分别为:K₂O 14.2%,P₂O₅ 11.5%,播种密度9.2%。因此,在小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系中,应适当调控小麦播量,优化西瓜的钾肥和玉米的氮肥投入量,促进该间作模式的产量优势。

The Boundary Line Analysis Assesses Limiting Factors of Wheat/Watermelon/Maize Intercropping System

This study aims to analyze key factors limiting yield of wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system and optimize the system. By using farmer survey, we investigated the wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping model in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, including the seeding rate, nutrient input and yield of wheat and maize, as well as nutrient input and yield of watermelon, and then applied the boundary line analysis to assess the limiting factors of wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping high-yield system. The results showed that the key limiting factor of wheat yield was the seeding rate, which contributed up to 17.8%, followed by nutrients input with P2O5, K2O, N contribution of 12.5%, 11.7% and 8.0%, respectively. The key factor limiting watermelon yield was potassium fertilizer input, with the contribution rate of 15.8%, and N, P2O5 contribution of 14.2% and 11.8% respectively. The key factor limiting maize yield was nitrogen fertilizer input, with the contribution rate of 20.6% , followed by K2O of 14.2% and P2O5 of 11.5% , and sowing density of 9.2% , respectively. In conclusion, in the wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system, farmers should properly regulate sowing rate of wheat, optimize the amount of potassium fertilizer for watermelon and nitrogen fertilizer for maize, and consequently promote the yield advantage of the intercropping system.