高光合效率小豆筛选与营养价值评价

为了筛选适宜于安徽地区种植的肥饲兼用型小豆种质资源,于2011-2013年在安徽科技学院通过田间试验和盆栽试验对7种小豆进行评价,记载各种小豆的根、茎、叶、花、荚果及种子的形态特征、生长特性、产量和干物质积累效率,测定各种小豆在盛花期的叶片光合效率、根瘤量和氮、磷、钾、铁、锌养分含量及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸含量。结果表明,早熟黑小豆表现为中熟,晚熟黑小豆表现为迟熟,其他种(属)表现为早熟;兴安红豆叶片光合效率和干物质积累效率最高;晚熟黑小豆根瘤最多、根瘤量可达地下部总重的28.8%,其鲜草产量、干物量、种子产量、蛋白质产量最高,固氮和富集钾、铁、锌能力最强,而富集磷能力最强的是早熟黑小豆和兴安红豆;晚熟黑小豆鲜草水分含量较高而粗纤维含量最低,饲用适口性好。从光合效率、鲜草产量、干物量、营养价值、养分富集能力和生育期等方面综合考虑,初步认为兴安红豆、早熟黑小豆和晚熟黑小豆适宜于安徽地区种植。

Selection of high photosynthetic efficiency Vigna angularis varieties and evaluation of their nutritional value

Field and pot experiments of 7 cultivatedVigna angularis varieties were established in 2011-2013 to evaluate their fertilizer requirement and identify cultivars suitable for Anhui province.The morphology of roots,stems,leaves,flowers,pods,seeds,and also the growth characteristics,yields,and efficiency of dry matter accumulation were surveyed.Photosynthetic efficiency of leaves,weight of root nodules,contents of plant nutrients such as N,P,K,Fe and Zn,were measured at full bloom stage,as were nutritional compo-nents crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and amino acid in the plants.The early-maturing ‘black’variety of V .angularis (EBVA)matured in the middle of the growing season in Anhui,while the late-maturing ‘black’ cultivar ofV .angularis (LBVA)matured in late season.Other varieties matured at an early growth stage.The variety Xingan of the species Adenanthera microsperma (XAM)showed the highest leaf photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation.LBVA had the highest yield of fresh herbage and dry matter,and high-est weight of root nodules,yield of seeds and protein yield LBVA also showed the greatest capacity for accumu-lation of N,K,Fe and Zn.However,EBVA and XAM had the greatest capacity for P accumulation.Fresh herbage of LBVA was the most palatabile to animals because of its lower crude fiber and higher water content. In conclusion,XAM,EBVA and LBVA were found to be suitable crops for the Anhui area based on photosyn-thetic efficiency,fresh herbage yield,dry matter yield,nutritional value,capacity for nutrient uptake,and ma-turity date.