我国畜产品生产与贸易

对1990-2009年中国与世界主要畜产品生产和贸易进行分析,近20年世界和中国主要畜产品产量均呈增加趋势。1990-2009年,世界和中国肉类产量由17.99和3.0千万t增到28.39和7.8千万t,中国占世界比重由16.9%增到27.5%;世界鸡蛋产量由3.52千万t增到6.28千万t,中国占世界比重从18.61%增到37.61%;中国牛奶产量近20年增加8倍;世界羊毛产量从3.35百万t降至2.04百万t,中国羊毛产量由23.94万t上升到36.40万t。牛肉净贸易逆差量从478t增到1694t;2009年羊肉贸易逆差量和逆差额为7.65万t和1.566亿美元(美元),比1990年增加745.6%和1102%。中国猪肉进出口除2000年和2006-2008年外,其他年份贸易量和贸易额都处顺差;中国禽肉进口远超出口,1990-2006年贸易额处顺差,2007-2009年贸易额处逆差。2000-2009年,鸡蛋出口量持续增至13.47万t,2009年鸡蛋进口量268t。过去20年,中国牛奶贸易处顺差,2009年其进口量和进口额增至1.46万t和1.18千万美元,比2008年增加80.9%和64.05%;中国羊毛贸易处逆差,逆差量和逆差额由3.52万t和1.274亿美元增至26.92万t和1.368亿美元。因动物疫病、药物残留、动物福利等问题,中国畜产品国际贸易受到限制,需从饲草生产、养殖、产品加工、流通等环节加以改善。

Production and international trade analysis of animal products in China

A systematic analysis on the production and international trade of the major animal products in China and the world and of the non-traditional animal products in China showed an increasing trend in the past 20 years as shown by the network database information of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UNFAO)from 1990 to 2009.During this time,world meat production and that from China increased from 17.99 ten million tons and 30 to 78 million tons and from 17.99 to 28.39 ten million tons respectively with the proportion from China increasing from 16.9% to 27.5%.World egg production increased by 3.52 ten million tons to 6.28 ten million tons,with the proportion from China increasing from 18.61% to 37.61%;In the past 20 years,China’s milk production increased by 8 times,the wool production of the world fell from 3.35 million tons to 2.04 million tons,and the wool production of China increased from 23.94 ten thousand tons to 36.40 ten thousand tons.The net trade deficit of beef increased from 478 tons to 1694 tons.The trade deficit quantity and the trade deficit value of sheep and goat meat in 2009 were 76.5 thousand tons worth 156.6 million dollars,compared to 1990 these are increases of 745.6% and 1102% respectively.In addition in the years 2000 and 2006-2008,the quantity and value of Chinese pork import and export were in surplus;Chinese poultry imports were far more than the exports;the trade value from 1990 to 2006 was in surplus,but from 2007 to 2009 it was in deficit.The egg export quantity from 2000 to 2009 continued to increase to 134.7 thou-sand tons,and the egg import quantity in 2009 was 268 tons;The milk trade of China from 1990 to 2009 was in surplus,its import quantity and value in 2009 increased to 14.6 thousand tons and 11.8 million dollars,in-creasing by 80.9% and 64.05% respectively compared with 2008.The wool trade of China from 1990 to 2009 was in deficit,with the deficit quantity and value increasing from 35.2 thousand tons and 127.4 million dollars to 269.2 thousand tons and to 136.8 million dollars.Animal production was closely related to that of forage. Due to animal diseases,drug residues,and animal welfare issues,the animal products trade of China is not dominant in the world.We need to improve production standards through feed production,aquaculture produc-tion,meat processing,circulation and other aspects,in order to promote animal products economic develop-ment.